Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Physics , University Complutense of Madrid , Avda. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid , Spain.
Madrid Institute of Advances Studies of Water (IMDEA Water Institute) , Calle Punto Com No. 2 , 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid , Spain.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018 Jul 18;10(28):24275-24287. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b06792. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
The electrospinning technique was used successfully to fabricate nanofibers of polysulfone (PSF) in which polytetrafuoroethylene nanoparticles (PTFE NPs) were embedded. The size of the PTFE NPs is only 1.7 to 3.6 times smaller than the nanofiber diameter. The transition from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic character of the bead-free PSF electrospun nanofiber mats occurred with a PTFE NPs loading in the range 12-18% of the PSF weight. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed protruding nanosized asperities on the fiber surface due to the embedded PTFE NPs in the PSF matrix. For low PTFE NPs content in PSF matrix (<6% of the polymer weight), the PTFE NPs were arranged one by one in a single file along the PSF nanofiber axis. The structural characteristics of the nanofibers and electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) were studied by means of different techniques and their relationship with the PTFE NPs loading in PSF were discussed. The PSF/PTFE ENMs were tested in desalination by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and the obtained performance was discussed in terms of the ENMs structural characteristics. Competitive permeate fluxes, as high as 39.5 kg/mh, with stable low permeate electrical conductivities (<7.145 μS/cm) for 30 g/L NaCl aqueous solution and transmembrane temperature of 60 °C were achieved without detecting any interfiber space wetting.
静电纺丝技术成功地制备了聚砜（PSF）纳米纤维，其中嵌入了聚四氟乙烯纳米颗粒（PTFE NPs）。PTFE NPs 的尺寸仅比纳米纤维直径小 1.7 至 3.6 倍。在 PSF 重量的 12-18%范围内负载 PTFE NPs 时，无珠 PSF 静电纺纳米纤维垫从疏水性转变为超疏水性。透射电子显微镜图像显示，由于 PSF 基质中嵌入的 PTFE NPs，纤维表面上出现了突出的纳米级粗糙度。对于 PSF 基质中低含量的 PTFE NPs（聚合物重量的<6%），PTFE NPs 沿 PSF 纳米纤维轴一个一个地排列。通过不同的技术研究了纳米纤维和静电纺纳米纤维膜（ENMs）的结构特征，并讨论了它们与 PSF 中 PTFE NPs 负载的关系。通过直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）对 PSF/PTFE ENMs 进行了脱盐测试，并根据 ENMs 的结构特征讨论了获得的性能。在 60°C 的跨膜温度和 30 g/L NaCl 水溶液的情况下，实现了高达 39.5 kg/mh 的竞争渗透通量，且稳定的低渗透电导率（<7.145 μS/cm），没有检测到任何纤维间空间润湿。
