Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
BMC Plant Biol. 2018 Jun 20;18(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s12870-018-1343-0.
Roots play a central role in plant response to water stress (WS). They are involved in its perception and signalling to the leaf as well as in allowing the plant to adapt to maintaining an adequate water balance. Only a few studies have investigated the molecular/biochemical responses to WS in roots of perennial plants, such as grapevine. This study compares two grapevine rootstock genotypes (i.e. 101.14 and M4) with different tolerance to WS, evaluating the responses at proteomic and metabolite levels.
WS induced changes in the abundance of several proteins in both genotypes (17 and 22% of the detected proteins in 101.14 and M4, respectively). The proteomic analysis revealed changes in many metabolic pathways that fitted well with the metabolite data. M4 showed metabolic responses which were potentially able to counteract the WS effects, such as the drop in cell turgor, increased oxidative stress and loss of cell structure integrity/functionality. However, in 101.14 it was evident that the roots were suffering more severely from these effects. We found that many proteins classified as active in energy metabolism, hormone metabolism, protein, secondary metabolism and stress functional classes showed particular differences between the two rootstocks.
The proteomic/metabolite comparative analysis carried out provides new information on the possible biochemical and molecular strategies adopted by grapevine roots to counteract WS. Although further work is needed to define in detail the role(s) of the proteins and metabolites that characterize WS response, this study, involving the M4 rootstock genotype, highlights that osmotic responses, modulations of C metabolism, mitochondrial functionality and some specific responses to stress occurring in the roots play a primary role in Vitis spp. tolerance to this type of abiotic stress.
根在植物应对水分胁迫（WS）中起着核心作用。它们参与 WS 的感知和向叶片发出信号，并使植物能够适应维持充足的水分平衡。只有少数研究调查了多年生植物如葡萄的根系对 WS 的分子/生化反应。本研究比较了两种对 WS 具有不同耐受性的葡萄砧木基因型（即 101.14 和 M4），在蛋白质组和代谢物水平上评估了它们的响应。
WS 诱导了两种基因型中几种蛋白质的丰度变化（101.14 和 M4 中分别检测到的蛋白质的 17%和 22%）。蛋白质组分析显示，许多代谢途径发生了变化，与代谢物数据非常吻合。M4 显示出的代谢反应可能能够抵消 WS 的影响，例如细胞膨压下降、氧化应激增加和细胞结构完整性/功能丧失。然而，在 101.14 中，很明显根系受到这些影响更为严重。我们发现，许多被归类为活跃于能量代谢、激素代谢、蛋白质、次生代谢和应激功能类别的蛋白质在两种砧木之间表现出特别的差异。
进行的蛋白质组/代谢物比较分析提供了关于葡萄根系可能采用的生化和分子策略的新信息，以对抗 WS。尽管需要进一步的工作来详细定义表征 WS 响应的蛋白质和代谢物的作用，但这项涉及 M4 砧木基因型的研究强调了渗透响应、C 代谢的调节、线粒体功能和根系中发生的一些特定的应激反应在葡萄属植物对这种非生物胁迫的耐受性中起着主要作用。
