Felisberti Fatima M
Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, London, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Jul;71(7):1512-1525. doi: 10.1177/1747021817742080. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
This study investigated whether adults' ability to attribute emotions to brief facial expressions (microexpressions) is associated with family-related environmental factors (FrFs) such as one's number of siblings (Experiment 1), attachment style (Experiment 2), or perceived parental authority style (Experiment 3). Participants' accuracy and reaction time (RT) to the recognition of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness to facial microexpressions (exposure: 100 ms) were measured with a six-alternative forced choice computerised method (6AFC). The attachment style and the authority style of the participants' parents were accessed using questionnaires. The findings revealed that up to 13% of the variance in participants' responses could be explained by FrFs, with modest to moderate effect sizes. Microexpressions linked to signs of hostility or threat (i.e., contempt and fear) were decoded faster and/or more accurately by adults with few or no siblings or with a fearful attachment. Conversely, participants who recalled their fathers as authoritarian were worse at recognising contempt and fear than participants who perceived them as permissive or authoritative. The findings suggest that early FrFs may still be involved in the fine-tuning of responses to signs of contextual danger when the time for cognitive processing of facial expressions is severely restricted.
本研究调查了成年人将情绪归因于短暂面部表情（微表情）的能力是否与家庭相关环境因素（FrFs）有关，如一个人的兄弟姐妹数量（实验1）、依恋风格（实验2）或感知到的父母权威风格（实验3）。使用六选一强制选择计算机化方法（6AFC）测量参与者对面部微表情（呈现时间：100毫秒）识别愤怒、轻蔑、厌恶、恐惧、快乐和悲伤的准确性和反应时间（RT）。通过问卷来了解参与者父母的依恋风格和权威风格。研究结果显示，FrFs能够解释参与者反应中高达13%的差异，效应大小为中等至适度。与敌意或威胁迹象（即轻蔑和恐惧）相关的微表情，被兄弟姐妹少或没有兄弟姐妹、或有恐惧型依恋的成年人更快和/或更准确地解码。相反，那些回忆起父亲是专制型的参与者，在识别轻蔑和恐惧方面，比那些认为父亲是宽容型或权威型的参与者表现更差。研究结果表明，当面部表情的认知处理时间受到严重限制时，早期的FrFs可能仍参与对情境危险迹象反应的微调。
