Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 21;13(6):e0199311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199311. eCollection 2018.
People often assume that moral and religious convictions are functionally the same thing. But are they? We report on 19 studies (N = 12,284) that tested whether people's perceptions that their attitudes are reflections of their moral and religious convictions across 30 different issues were functionally the same (the equivalence hypothesis) or different constructs (the distinct constructs hypothesis), and whether the relationship between these constructs was conditional on political orientation (the political asymmetry hypothesis). Seven of these studies (N = 5,561, and 22 issues) also had data that allowed us to test whether moral and religious conviction are only closely related for those who are more rather than less religious (the secularization hypothesis), and a narrower form of the political asymmetry and secularization hypotheses, that is, that people's moral and religious convictions may be tightly connected constructs only for religious conservatives. Meta-analytic tests of each of these hypotheses yielded weak support for the secularization hypothesis, no support for the equivalence or political asymmetry hypotheses, and the strongest support for the distinct constructs hypothesis.
人们通常认为道德和宗教信仰在功能上是相同的。但事实果真如此吗？我们报告了 19 项研究（N=12284），这些研究检验了人们是否认为他们的态度反映了他们在 30 个不同问题上的道德和宗教信仰，这些研究检验了这些观点在功能上是否相同（等效假设）或不同的建构（不同建构假设），以及这些建构之间的关系是否取决于政治取向（政治不对称假设）。其中 7 项研究（N=5561，涉及 22 个问题）的数据还允许我们检验道德和宗教信仰是否仅与那些更虔诚而不是不虔诚的人密切相关（世俗化假设），以及更窄形式的政治不对称和世俗化假设，即只有对宗教保守派来说，人们的道德和宗教信仰才可能是紧密相连的建构。对这些假设中的每一个假设进行的元分析测试都为世俗化假设提供了微弱的支持，没有为等效假设或政治不对称假设提供支持，而对不同建构假设的支持最强。
