Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA; email:
Department of Psychology, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, New Jersey 07306, USA; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2021 Jan 4;72:347-366. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-063020-030612. Epub 2020 Sep 4.
This review covers theory and research on the psychological characteristics and consequences of attitudes that are experienced as moral convictions, that is, attitudes that people perceive as grounded in a fundamental distinction between right and wrong. Morally convicted attitudes represent something psychologically distinct from other constructs (e.g., strong but nonmoral attitudes or religious beliefs), are perceived as universally and objectively true, and are comparatively immune to authority or peer influence. Variance in moral conviction also predicts important social and political consequences. Stronger moral conviction about a given attitude object, for example, is associated with greater intolerance of attitude dissimilarity, resistance to procedural solutions for conflict about that issue, and increased political engagement and volunteerism in that attitude domain. Finally, we review recent research that explores the processes that lead to attitude moralization; we integrate these efforts and conclude with a new domain theory of attitude moralization.
本综述涵盖了对道德信念所体验到的态度的心理特征和后果的理论和研究，即人们认为基于对与错的基本区别的态度。有道德信念的态度在心理上与其他结构（例如，强烈但非道德的态度或宗教信仰）不同，被认为是普遍和客观真实的，并且相对不受权威或同伴的影响。道德信念的差异也预示着重要的社会和政治后果。例如，对特定态度对象的道德信念越强，对态度差异的容忍度越低，对该问题冲突的程序解决方案的抵制越强，以及在该态度领域的政治参与度和志愿服务度越高。最后，我们回顾了最近探讨导致态度道德化的过程的研究；我们整合了这些努力，并以一种新的态度道德化的领域理论作为结论。
