Ka Hakhyun, Seo Heewon, Choi Yohan, Yoo Inkyu, Han Jisoo
1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea.
2Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 Jun 6;9:44. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0259-8. eCollection 2018.
The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines, interleukin-1β2 (IL1B2), interferon-γ (IFNG), and IFN-δ (IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin (PG) F from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes, including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules, suggesting that estrogen and IL1B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1B during early pregnancy in pigs.
妊娠的建立是一个复杂的过程，需要着床的胚胎与母体子宫之间进行协调良好的相互作用。在猪中，胚胎在着床时会经历显著的形态和功能变化，并将多种因子，包括雌激素、细胞因子、白细胞介素-1β2（IL1B2）、干扰素-γ（IFNG）和干扰素-δ（IFND），释放到子宫腔内。作为对卵巢甾体激素和胚胎衍生因子的反应，子宫内膜通过改变其细胞黏附分子的表达、分泌活性和免疫反应，变得能够接受着床的胚胎。胚胎衍生的雌激素通过改变前列腺素（PG）F从子宫血管向子宫腔的流向，作为母体识别妊娠的信号。雌激素还诱导许多子宫内膜基因的表达，包括与生长因子、PG的合成和运输以及免疫相关的基因。IL1B2是一种促炎细胞因子，由伸长的胚胎产生。IL1B2对子宫内膜功能的直接作用尚未完全了解。IL1B激活子宫内膜基因的表达，包括参与IL1B信号传导以及PG合成和运输的基因。此外，雌激素或IL1B刺激子宫内膜中IFN信号分子的表达，这表明雌激素和IL1B在启动胚胎产生的IFNG和IFND的子宫内膜功能方面协同作用，而IFNG和IFND又反过来调节妊娠早期的子宫内膜免疫反应。本综述阐述了关于母体与胚胎相互作用的信息，涉及子宫内膜对胚胎衍生因子的基因表达反应，重点关注雌激素和IL1B在猪妊娠早期的作用。
