Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Neuroimage. 2018 Oct 1;179:403-413. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.053. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Current theories of pre-attentive deviant detection postulate that before the Superior Temporal Cortex (STC) detects a change, the Inferior Frontal Cortex (IFC) engages in stimulus analysis, which is particularly critical for ambiguous deviations (e.g., deviant preceded by a short train of standards). These theories rest on the assumption that IFC and STC are functionally connected, which has only been supported by correlational brain imaging studies. We examined this functional connectivity assumption by applying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to disrupt IFC function, while measuring the later STC mismatch response with the event-related optical signal (EROS). EROS can localize brain activity in both spatial and temporal dimensions via measurement of optical property changes associated with neuronal activity, and is inert to the electromagnetic interference produced by TMS. Specifically, the STC mismatch response at 120-180 ms elicited by a deviant preceded by a short standard train when IFC TMS was applied at 80 ms was compared with the STC mismatch responses in temporal control (TMS with 200 ms delay), spatial control (sham TMS at vertex), auditory control (TMS pulse noise only), and cognitive control (deviant preceded by a long standard train) conditions. The STC mismatch response to deviants preceded by the short train was abolished by TMS of the IFC at 80 ms, while the STC responses remained intact in all other control conditions. These results confirm the involvement of the IFC in the STC mismatch response and support a functional connection between IFC and STC.
当前的非注意偏差检测理论假设，在 Superior Temporal Cortex (STC) 检测到变化之前，Inferior Frontal Cortex (IFC) 会进行刺激分析，这对于模棱两可的偏差（例如，在短标准序列之前出现的偏差）尤为关键。这些理论基于 IFC 和 STC 具有功能连接的假设，但仅得到了相关脑成像研究的支持。我们通过应用经颅磁刺激（TMS）来破坏 IFC 功能，同时使用事件相关光学信号（EROS）测量 STC 不匹配反应，以此检验这种功能连接假设。EROS 通过测量与神经元活动相关的光学性质变化来定位空间和时间维度上的脑活动，并且不受 TMS 产生的电磁干扰的影响。具体来说，当在 80ms 时应用 IFC TMS，比较了在 120-180ms 时由短标准序列之前的偏差引发的 STC 不匹配反应，以及在时间控制（TMS 延迟 200ms）、空间控制（顶点假 TMS）、听觉控制（仅 TMS 脉冲噪声）和认知控制（长标准序列之前的偏差）条件下的 STC 不匹配反应。当在 80ms 时对 IFC 进行 TMS 时，短序列之前的偏差的 STC 不匹配反应被消除，而在所有其他控制条件下，STC 反应仍然完整。这些结果证实了 IFC 在 STC 不匹配反应中的参与，并支持 IFC 和 STC 之间的功能连接。
