Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 15;642:954-967. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.122. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
Antibiotics are widely used in human medicine and veterinary production. Residues of these compounds reach the water sources through waste or direct application (e.g. aquaculture). The constant input of the parent drugs and their transformation products into the environment leads these pharmaceuticals to be considered as emerging pollutants. For some molecules, the pathway of degradation and formation in products is less known. To assess the impact of these substances in the environment and in the human health, it is necessary to elucidate the transformation products and their kinetic of degradation to evaluate the possible risks. In the present report, the characterization and the degradation kinetic of two widely used β-lactams antibiotics - amoxicillin and ampicillin - was evaluated. Surface water samples containing these antibiotics were submitted to photolysis and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with Orbitrap detection in order to establish the profile of degradation and the formation of transformation products. Results showed that the degradation of amoxicillin and ampicillin is almost complete and reach their maximum at 48 h in river water. Moreover, a database containing >65 transformation products of amoxicillin and ampicillin was build and real samples of industrial wastewater were analyzed to investigate the occurrence of amoxicillin, ampicillin and their transformation products.
抗生素在人类医学和兽医生产中被广泛使用。这些化合物的残留通过废物或直接应用（例如水产养殖）进入水源。这些药物的母体药物及其转化产物不断输入环境，使得它们被认为是新兴污染物。对于某些分子，其在产物中的降解和形成途径知之甚少。为了评估这些物质对环境和人类健康的影响，有必要阐明转化产物及其降解动力学，以评估可能的风险。在本报告中，评估了两种广泛使用的β-内酰胺类抗生素——阿莫西林和氨苄西林的特征和降解动力学。含有这些抗生素的地表水样品进行光解，并通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术（带有轨道阱检测）进行分析，以确定降解产物和转化产物的形成情况。结果表明，阿莫西林和氨苄西林的降解几乎完全，在河水中 48 小时达到最大降解程度。此外，还构建了一个包含>65 种阿莫西林和氨苄西林转化产物的数据库，并分析了工业废水的实际样品，以调查阿莫西林、氨苄西林及其转化产物的存在情况。
