Novia University of Applied Sciences, Raseborgsvägen 9, FI-10600 Ekenäs, Finland.
Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, P.O. Box 17 (P. Rautatiekatu 13), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 15;639:929-933. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.185. Epub 2018 May 26.
The evidence of negative impacts of agricultural pesticides on non-target organisms is constantly growing. One of the most widely used group of pesticides are neonicotinoids, used in treatments of various plants, e.g. oilseed crops, corn and apples, to prevent crop damage by agricultural insect pests. Treatment effects have been found to spill over to non-target insects, such as bees, and more recently also to other animal groups, among them passerine birds. Very little is known, however, on the presence of neonicotinoids in other wild species at higher trophic levels. We present results on the presence of neonicotinoid residues in blood samples of a long-distant migratory food-specialist raptor, the European honey buzzard. Further, we investigate the spatial relationship between neonicotinoid residue prevalence in honey buzzards with that of crop fields where neonicotinoids are typically used. A majority of all blood samples contained neonicotinoids, thiacloprid accounting for most of the prevalence. While neonicotinoid residues were detected in both adults and nestlings, the methodological limit of quantification was exceeded only in nestlings. Neonicotinoids were present in all sampled nests. Neonicotinoid presence in honey buzzard nestlings' blood matched spatially with the presence of oilseed plant fields. These are the first observations of neonicotinoids in a diurnal raptor. For better understanding the potential negative sub-lethal of neonicotinoids in wild vertebrates, new (experimental) studies are needed.
农业杀虫剂对非靶标生物的负面影响的证据不断增加。其中使用最广泛的一类杀虫剂是新烟碱类杀虫剂，用于处理各种植物，如油菜籽作物、玉米和苹果，以防止农业害虫对作物造成损害。研究发现，这些处理效果会溢出到非靶标昆虫身上，如蜜蜂，最近也会影响到其他动物群体，包括鸣禽。然而，对于处于较高营养级别的其他野生动物中是否存在新烟碱类杀虫剂，人们知之甚少。我们介绍了在长距离迁徙性食物专家猛禽——欧洲蜜鹰的血液样本中存在新烟碱类杀虫剂残留的结果。此外，我们还研究了蜜鹰中新烟碱类杀虫剂残留的流行率与通常使用新烟碱类杀虫剂的作物田之间的空间关系。大多数血液样本都含有新烟碱类杀虫剂，噻虫啉占大多数。虽然新烟碱类杀虫剂在成年鸟和雏鸟中都有检测到，但仅在雏鸟中超过了方法学的定量限。新烟碱类杀虫剂存在于所有采样的巢穴中。在蜜鹰雏鸟的血液中发现新烟碱类杀虫剂的存在与含油籽植物田的存在相吻合。这是首次在昼行猛禽中观察到新烟碱类杀虫剂。为了更好地了解新烟碱类杀虫剂对野生脊椎动物的潜在亚致死影响，需要进行新的（实验）研究。
