School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy.
Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera 75100, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 21;24(23):2413-2426. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i23.2413.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver is an important tool for the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions and for assessment of diffuse liver disease, having several intrinsic characteristics, represented by high soft tissue contrast, avoidance of ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast media, and more recently, by application of several functional imaging techniques (., diffusion-weighted sequences, hepatobiliary contrast agents, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance (MR)-elastography, and radiomics analysis). MR functional imaging techniques are extensively used both in routine practice and in the field of clinical and pre-clinical research because, through a qualitative rather than quantitative approach, they can offer valuable information about tumor tissue and tissue architecture, cellular biomarkers related to the hepatocellular functions, or tissue vascularization profiles related to tumor and tissue biology. This kind of approach offers physiological parameters, capable of evaluating physiological and pathological modifications of tissues, by the analysis of quantitative data that could be used in tumor detection, characterization, treatment selection, and follow-up, in addition to those obtained from standard morphological imaging. In this review we provide an overview of recent advanced techniques in MR for the diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma, and their role in the assessment of response treatment evaluation.
肝脏磁共振（MR）成像是检测和定性局灶性肝脏病变以及评估弥漫性肝脏疾病的重要工具，具有多种固有特征，包括高软组织对比度、避免电离辐射或碘造影剂，以及最近应用的多种功能成像技术（例如，扩散加权序列、肝胆对比剂、灌注成像、磁共振（MR）弹性成像和放射组学分析）。MR 功能成像技术在常规实践以及临床和临床前研究领域都得到了广泛应用，因为它们通过定性而非定量的方法可以提供有关肿瘤组织和组织结构、与肝细胞功能相关的细胞生物标志物或与肿瘤和组织生物学相关的组织血管化特征的有价值信息。这种方法提供了生理参数，可以通过分析可用于肿瘤检测、定性、治疗选择和随访的定量数据来评估组织的生理和病理变化，除了从标准形态成像获得的参数之外。在这篇综述中，我们概述了肝脏 MR 诊断和分期肝细胞癌的最新高级技术及其在评估治疗反应中的作用。
