神经节苷脂作为副粘病毒受体。日本血凝病毒（仙台病毒）和新城疫病毒受体中唾液酸寡糖的结构要求。

Gangliosides as paramyxovirus receptor. Structural requirement of sialo-oligosaccharides in receptors for hemagglutinating virus of Japan (Sendai virus) and Newcastle disease virus.

作者信息

Suzuki Y, Suzuki T, Matsunaga M, Matsumoto M

出版信息

J Biochem. 1985 Apr;97(4):1189-99. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135164.

DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135164

Abstract

A sensitive assay system for receptor activity of gangliosides to paramyxovirus was developed. This system involves incorporation of gangliosides into neuraminidase-treated chicken erythrocytes (asialoerythrocytes) followed by estimation of virus-mediated agglutination and hemolysis. The asialoerythrocytes coated with I-active ganglioside (Sia alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3(Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6)Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer) were effectively agglutinated by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ, Sendai virus). The hemolysis of the asialoerythrocytes mediated by HVJ was restored to the highest level by labeling the cells with gangliosides possessing lacto-series oligosaccharide chains, i.e., I-active ganglioside, N-acetylneuraminosylparagloboside (SiaPG(NeuAc)), and i-active ganglioside (Sia alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer). The specific receptor activity of ganglioside GD1a possessing a gangliotetraose chain was lower than those of the gangliosides described above. Gangliosides GM3, GD3, GM1a, GD1b, SiaPG(NeuGc) showed little effect on the restoration of HVJ-mediated hemolysis. On infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the highest specific restoration of lysis was found in chicken asialoerythrocytes coated with SiaPG(NeuAc or NeuGc) and GM3(NeuAc or NeuGc), whereas those coated with I-active ganglioside, GD3, GM1a, and GD1b showed very low NDV-mediated hemolysis. The above results indicate that the determinants of receptor for HVJ contain sialylated branched and/or linear lacto-series oligosaccharides carried by I,i-active gangliosides and SiaPG(NeuAc) and sialosylgangliotetraose chain carried by GD1a. The determinants for NDV are carried by SiaPG(NeuAc or NeuGc) containing linear lacto-series oligosaccharide and GM3(NeuAc or NeuGc). The absence of detectable binding of free oligosaccharides obtained from I-active ganglioside and sialoglycoprotein GP-2 isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes as HVJ receptor (Suzuki, Y., et al. J. Biochem. (1983) 93, 1621-1633; (1984) 95, 1193-1200) indicates that HVJ recognizes the sialooligosaccharides oriented out of the lipid bilayer in the cell membranes where the hydrophobic ceramide or peptide backbone of the receptor is integrated.

摘要

开发了一种用于检测神经节苷脂对副粘病毒受体活性的灵敏检测系统。该系统包括将神经节苷脂掺入经神经氨酸酶处理的鸡红细胞（脱唾液酸红细胞）中，然后评估病毒介导的凝集和溶血作用。用I活性神经节苷脂（唾液酸α2-3半乳糖β1-4N-乙酰葡糖胺β1-3（半乳糖α1-3半乳糖β1-4N-乙酰葡糖胺β1-6）半乳糖β1-4N-乙酰葡糖胺β1-3半乳糖β1-4葡糖β1-神经酰胺）包被的脱唾液酸红细胞可被日本血凝病毒（HVJ，仙台病毒）有效凝集。通过用具有乳糖系列寡糖链的神经节苷脂标记细胞，即I活性神经节苷脂、N-乙酰神经氨酰副球蛋白（SiaPG（NeuAc））和i活性神经节苷脂（唾液酸α2-3半乳糖β1-4N-乙酰葡糖胺β1-3半乳糖β1-4N-乙酰葡糖胺β1-3半乳糖β1-4葡糖β1-神经酰胺），HVJ介导的脱唾液酸红细胞溶血恢复到最高水平。具有神经节四糖链的神经节苷脂GD1a的特异性受体活性低于上述神经节苷脂。神经节苷脂GM3、GD3、GM1a、GD1b、SiaPG（NeuGc）对HVJ介导的溶血恢复几乎没有影响。在用新城疫病毒（NDV）感染时，在用SiaPG（NeuAc或NeuGc）和GM3（NeuAc或NeuGc）包被的鸡脱唾液酸红细胞中发现了最高的特异性裂解恢复，而用I活性神经节苷脂、GD3、GM1a和GD1b包被的细胞显示出非常低的NDV介导的溶血。上述结果表明，HVJ受体的决定簇包含由I、i活性神经节苷脂和SiaPG（NeuAc）携带的唾液酸化分支和/或线性乳糖系列寡糖以及由GD1a携带的唾液酸神经节四糖链。NDV的决定簇由含有线性乳糖系列寡糖的SiaPG（NeuAc或NeuGc）和GM3（NeuAc或NeuGc）携带。从I活性神经节苷脂和从牛红细胞膜分离的作为HVJ受体的唾液糖蛋白GP-2获得的游离寡糖未检测到可检测的结合（铃木，Y.等人，《生物化学杂志》（1983年）93卷，1621 - 1633页；（1984年）95卷，1193 - 1200页），这表明HVJ识别细胞膜中从脂质双层伸出的唾液酸寡糖，其中受体的疏水神经酰胺或肽骨架是整合的。