Zhu Ruida, Xu Zhenhua, Tang Honghong, Liu Jiting, Wang Huanqing, An Ying, Mai Xiaoqin, Liu Chao
a State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
b Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
Cogn Emot. 2019 Jun;33(4):696-708. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1489782. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Numerous studies have found that shame increases individuals' anger at others. However, according to recent theories about the social function of shame and anger at others, it is possible that shame controls individuals' anger at others in specific conditions. We replicated previous findings that shame increased individuals' anger at others' unfairness, when others were not aware of the individual's experience of shameful events. We also found for the first time that shame controlled or even decreased individuals' anger at others' unfairness, when others were aware of the individual's experience of shameful events. The results were consistent when shame was induced by either a recall paradigm or an imagination paradigm, and in either the ultimatum game or the dictator game. This suggests that shame strategically controls individuals' anger at others to demonstrate that they are willing to benefit others, when facing the risk of social exclusion. Our findings highlight the interpersonal function of shame and deepen the understanding of the relationship between shame and anger at others.
众多研究发现，羞耻感会增强个体对他人的愤怒。然而，根据近期有关羞耻感及对他人愤怒的社会功能的理论，在特定条件下羞耻感有可能控制个体对他人的愤怒。我们重复了先前的研究发现，即当他人未察觉到个体经历过羞耻事件时，羞耻感会增强个体对他人不公平行为的愤怒。我们还首次发现，当他人察觉到个体经历过羞耻事件时，羞耻感会控制甚至降低个体对他人不公平行为的愤怒。当通过回忆范式或想象范式诱发羞耻感时，以及在最后通牒博弈或独裁者博弈中，结果都是一致的。这表明，当面临社会排斥风险时，羞耻感会策略性地控制个体对他人的愤怒，以表明他们愿意让他人受益。我们的研究结果凸显了羞耻感的人际功能，并加深了对羞耻感与对他人愤怒之间关系的理解。
