Franke Stefanie, Kalweit Christine, Frey Annelene, Heddergott Hanna, Mitschke Astrid-Christine, Wehrmeyer Matthias, Heinrichs Nina, Kröger Christoph
Abteilung 10 Landesversorgungsamt, Ref. 104 Ärztlicher Dienst, Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart.
Trauma-Netzwerk Niedersachsen, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Soziales, Jugend und Familie, Außenstelle Braunschweig.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2019 Mar;69(3-04):105-113. doi: 10.1055/a-0601-6701. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Coping with psychological trauma plays a central role in victims of acts of violence. The Victim Reparation Law (in German: Opferentschädigungsgesetz, OEG) provides services for the reparation of participation. To further improve the care of the affected persons, the characteristics of the victims were determined in relation to the acts and the perpetrators.
312 OEG-files of adult victims were sighted. On the basis of a system of categories, demographic data, trauma specific and health-related characteristics of the victims, relevant characteristics of the perpetrators and the violence, as well as predictors for the time difference between the violent act and the application were determined.
Mostly women (71%) were affected by acts of violence. 49% of the affected persons suffered from physical and 87% from psychological impairment (64% of these from a posttraumatic stress disorder). 55% of the acts of violence were sex crimes, 47% were bodily injuries and in 44% additional psychological abuse existed. The perpetrators were often connected to the victims. 42% of the offenses concerned domestic violence. Time difference between the act of violence and the request for help which is provided by law variated between 0 and 52 years. 50% made use of help within one year, further 15.2% within five years. In 34.3% of cases, time difference was longer than 5 years. In case of serial and severe traumatizations, depression and close connections between victim and perpetrator help provided by law was called for only late.
Many victims of acts of violence acts are psychologically traumatized. In order to prevent a traumatization from becoming a permanent health disorder, the offering of early evidence-based specialist or psychological acute therapy (e. g., in trauma outpatient clinics) ought to be optimized.
应对心理创伤在暴力行为受害者中起着核心作用。《受害者赔偿法》（德语：Opferentschädigungsgesetz，OEG）为参与赔偿提供服务。为了进一步改善对受影响者的护理，确定了受害者与暴力行为及犯罪者相关的特征。
查阅了312份成年受害者的OEG档案。基于一个分类系统，确定了受害者的人口统计学数据、创伤特异性和与健康相关的特征、犯罪者及暴力行为的相关特征，以及暴力行为与申请赔偿之间时间差的预测因素。
暴力行为的受害者大多为女性（71%）。49%的受影响者身体受损，87%存在心理障碍（其中64%患有创伤后应激障碍）。55%的暴力行为为性犯罪，47%为身体伤害，44%还存在心理虐待。犯罪者常与受害者有联系。42%的犯罪涉及家庭暴力。暴力行为与依法寻求帮助之间的时间差在0至52年之间。50%的人在一年内寻求帮助，另有15.2%在五年内寻求帮助。在34.3%的案例中，时间差超过5年。在遭受连环和严重创伤、抑郁以及受害者与犯罪者关系密切的情况下，往往很晚才会寻求法律帮助。
许多暴力行为受害者存在心理创伤。为防止创伤演变为永久性健康障碍，应优化早期基于证据的专科或心理急性治疗（例如在创伤门诊）的提供。
