Wulfes Nele, Mitschke Astrid-Christine, Wehrmeyer Matthias, von Drehle Christina, Kröger Christoph
Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Hildesheim.
Trauma-Netzwerk Niedersachsen, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Soziales, Jugend und Familie, Außenstelle Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2023 Feb;73(2):78-84. doi: 10.1055/a-1838-3183. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
After an act of violence, affected individuals not only suffer psychological and physical damage, but also impairment in their professional, social and societal participation. So far, however, no studies have been conducted examining the severity of participation restrictions and prognostically relevant characteristics. Using a category system, sociodemographic information as well as trauma-, crime- and health-specific characteristics of adult victims of acts of violence, whose entitlement to benefits were recognized under the German Victims Compensation Act (OEG), were recorded from files. Based on psychiatric assessments of damage, participation restrictions were also assessed post-hoc based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The data are extracted from 99 files; 72 of those affected were female. The average age of the victims at the time of the offence was 25 years. 53 were victims of sexual violence, 24 were victims of forms of bodily injury and 45 were victims of other acts of violence. 29 victims experienced more than one type of violence. All had at least one mental disorder with pathological significance. An average of four years passed between the first and second psychiatric assessment. While 85 of those affected stated that they had been employed before the offence, the number of employees dropped to 53 after the offence. The most pronounced participation restriction was found in professional participation. A multiple regression analysis revealed that a higher degree of participation restriction was associated with lack of employment and a stronger negative impact after the crime as well as the victim's familiarity with the perpetrator; but not associated with a mental disorder or a lack of a victim's trustworthy relationships. In future, participation restrictions should regularly be assessed based on the ICF during the psychiatric assessment. The results suggest that particularly benefits for professional participation are to be granted within the framework of the OEG.
暴力事件发生后，受影响的个人不仅会遭受心理和身体伤害，其职业、社会和社会参与也会受到损害。然而，到目前为止，尚未有研究探讨参与限制的严重程度以及预后相关特征。使用一个分类系统，从档案中记录了根据德国受害者赔偿法（OEG）获得福利资格的成年暴力行为受害者的社会人口信息以及创伤、犯罪和健康方面的特定特征。基于对损害的精神病学评估，还根据国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）事后评估了参与限制。数据从99份档案中提取；其中72名受影响者为女性。犯罪时受害者的平均年龄为25岁。53人是性暴力受害者，24人是身体伤害形式的受害者，45人是其他暴力行为的受害者。29名受害者经历了不止一种暴力类型。所有人都至少有一种具有病理学意义的精神障碍。第一次和第二次精神病学评估之间平均间隔四年。虽然85名受影响者表示他们在犯罪前有工作，但犯罪后员工人数降至53人。在职业参与方面发现了最明显的参与限制。多元回归分析显示，更高程度的参与限制与失业、犯罪后更强的负面影响以及受害者与犯罪者的熟悉程度有关；但与精神障碍或受害者缺乏可信赖的关系无关。未来，在精神病学评估期间应定期根据ICF评估参与限制。结果表明，在OEG框架内，尤其应给予职业参与方面的福利。
