Modulation of heat shock proteins by statins.

Heat shock proteins (HSP or stress proteins) are intracellular molecules that participate in physiological cell metabolism and growth, although they are known to be involved in many stress conditions. Statins inhibit the action of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA), which is important in the synthesis of cholesterol and essential isoprenoid intermediates, thereby lowering circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review provides new insights into the mechanisms of action of statins in the regulation of HSPs. A better understanding of this involvement can help in development of new and more effective treatment strategies for CVD.