Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2018 Oct;209:346-352. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.106. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
In this work, the disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water was studied using a new electrochemical cell (CabECO cell, manufactured by CONDIAS) specifically designed to produce ozone in water with very low conductivity. The disinfection tests were carried out in a discontinuous mode to evaluate the influence of the electrode current charge passed. The effect of the current density was also studied in order to optimize the disinfection conditions and to simultaneously prevent the formation of undesirable by-products (chlorates and perchlorates) during the electrolysis. The results demonstrate that this technology is robust and efficient, and it can suitably disinfect water. During electrolysis, the chloride contained in the water was oxidized to hypochlorite, and this compound was combined with ammonia to form chloramines. Both hypochlorite and chloramines (formed by the well-known break point reaction) promoted persistent disinfection and seemed to be mainly responsible for the disinfection attained during the electrochemical process. Chlorate and perchlorate could also be produced, although the low concentrations of chloride in the tested water made them irrelevant. The removal of the total organic carbon under the applied operating conditions was not very efficient (although it reached 50% in 2 h) and the production of trihalomethanes was very low, below 100 ppb for all tests.
本工作研究了使用一种新的电化学电池（由 CONDIAS 制造的 CabECO 电池）对高度受粪便污染的地表水进行消毒，该电池专门设计用于在电导率非常低的水中产生臭氧。消毒测试采用间歇模式进行，以评估电极电流电荷传递的影响。还研究了电流密度的影响，以优化消毒条件，并在电解过程中同时防止形成不良副产物（氯酸盐和高氯酸盐）。结果表明，该技术具有鲁棒性和高效性，能够适当地对水进行消毒。在电解过程中，水中的氯离子被氧化为次氯酸盐，该化合物与氨结合形成氯胺。次氯酸盐和氯胺（由著名的断点反应形成）都促进了持续消毒，似乎是电化学过程中消毒的主要原因。也可以产生氯酸盐和高氯酸盐，但由于测试水中的氯离子浓度较低，它们并不相关。在应用的操作条件下，总有机碳的去除效率不是很高（尽管在 2 小时内达到 50%），三卤甲烷的生成量非常低，所有测试均低于 100 ppb。
