Diet in patients with metabolic syndrome: What is the ideal macronutrient composition?

Metabolic syndrome is currently a worldwide epidemic. First-line interventions consist of profound changes in lifestyle, particularly in diet, for which moderate and balanced consumption of macronutrients associated with calorie restriction is recommended. However, in recent years, several studies have proposed that diets that restrict certain macronutrients even further may be better for controlling both weight and metabolic risk factors. In the present paper, we review the currently available evidence on this question, which is difficult to address and control in clinical practice.