Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium.
Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Nov;106:234-244. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.016. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Alcohol dependence is currently one of the most serious public health problems. Indeed, 3-8% of all deaths worldwide are attributable to effects of alcohol consumption. Although the first step in alcohol dependence treatment is straightforward, the main problem for clinicians lies with the prevention of relapse, as 40-70% of patients who only undergo psychosocial therapy resume alcohol use within a year following treatment. This review of the literature regarding event-related potentials (ERPs) is focused on two major neurocognitive factors that partially account for the inability of many alcoholics to remain abstinent: attentional biases towards alcohol-related stimuli that increase the urge to drink, and impaired response inhibition towards these cues that makes it more difficult for alcoholics to resist the temptation to drink. On this basis, we propose new research avenues to better implement ERPs in the management of alcohol disorders, according to four main directions that relate to (1) the development of ERP serial recordings; (2) the promotion of a multi-component ERP approach; (3) the definition of multi-site guidelines; and (4) the use of more representative laboratory situations through the use of more compelling environments.
酒精依赖是目前最严重的公共卫生问题之一。事实上，全世界有 3-8%的死亡归因于酒精消费的影响。尽管酒精依赖治疗的第一步很简单，但临床医生面临的主要问题是预防复发，因为只有接受心理社会治疗的 40-70%的患者在治疗后一年内会重新饮酒。本文对事件相关电位（ERPs）的文献进行了回顾，重点关注两个主要的神经认知因素，这两个因素部分解释了为什么许多酗酒者无法保持戒酒：对与酒精相关的刺激物的注意力偏见，这增加了饮酒的欲望，以及对这些线索的反应抑制受损，这使得酗酒者更难抵制饮酒的诱惑。在此基础上，我们根据与（1）ERP 序列记录的开发；（2）促进多成分 ERP 方法；（3）定义多站点指南；以及（4）通过使用更具吸引力的环境来使用更具代表性的实验室情况，提出了新的研究途径，以便更好地将 ERPs 应用于酒精障碍的管理。
