Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2018 Aug;185:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
Ultraviolet (UV) light is absorbed by nucleic acids, proteins or other endogenous chromophores, such as porphyrins, flavins and melanin, triggering biological processes in skin cells. Both UV-induced mutations in melanocytes and changes in the immune microenvironment are understood to play a role in the development of cutaneous melanoma. The degree of UV-induced stress and the protection against this stress are influenced by both intracellular and intercellular molecular interactions. The present review summarizes the known major molecular biological changes induced by UV light in the skin that play a role in melanoma initiation and promotion. Nevertheless, cutaneous melanoma is not a homogenous disease, and the interaction of variable environmental exposure and different genetic susceptibility and other host factors lead to the formation of melanomas with different biological behavior and clinical characteristics. This review highlights the challenges in the understanding of how UV radiation contributes to the formation of cutaneous melanoma, and reviews the new results of photobiology and their link to tumor genetics and tumor immunology with potential implications on melanoma prevention and therapeutic strategies. The information presented here is expected to add clarity to ongoing research efforts in this field to aid the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat melanoma.
紫外线 (UV) 光被核酸、蛋白质或其他内源性发色团如卟啉、黄素和黑色素吸收，从而触发皮肤细胞中的生物学过程。黑色素细胞中的 UV 诱导突变和免疫微环境的变化都被认为在皮肤黑色素瘤的发展中起作用。UV 诱导的应激程度及其对这种应激的保护受到细胞内和细胞间分子相互作用的影响。本综述总结了已知的 UV 光在皮肤中诱导的主要分子生物学变化，这些变化在黑色素瘤的起始和促进中起作用。然而，皮肤黑色素瘤不是一种同质疾病，可变的环境暴露以及不同的遗传易感性和其他宿主因素的相互作用导致具有不同生物学行为和临床特征的黑色素瘤的形成。本综述强调了理解 UV 辐射如何导致皮肤黑色素瘤形成的挑战，并回顾了光生物学的新结果及其与肿瘤遗传学和肿瘤免疫学的联系，这对黑色素瘤的预防和治疗策略具有潜在影响。这里介绍的信息有望为该领域的持续研究提供更清晰的认识，以帮助开发预防和治疗黑色素瘤的新策略。
