Garg Suneela, Kohli Charu, Mangla Vipra, Chadha Shelly, Singh M Meghachandra, Dahiya Neha
1 Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
2 Community Medicine, North DMC Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018 Sep;127(9):614-619. doi: 10.1177/0003489418781968. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Hearing loss is the second most common cause of years lived with disability (YLD). The present study was conducted with an objective to determine the prevalence, severity, and sociodemographic correlates of hearing loss among people aged 3 months and above in selected areas of Delhi, India.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Delhi among population aged 3 months and above. Of the total sample size of 664, 85 study subjects (17 households) were taken from the rural area, and 579 (116 households) were taken from urban areas. The hearing test and ear examination was carried out using handheld oto-acoustic emission (OAE) in children <5 years of age and pure tone audiometry in individuals above 5 years of age. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyze difference between proportions.
Overall prevalence of hearing loss was 25.1%. Conductive hearing loss was present among 61 (10.3%) subjects, mixed hearing loss was found among 5 (0.8%) subjects, and sensorineural hearing loss among 94 (15.8%) subjects. On OAE, 62 (89.9%) children passed the test, and 7 (10.1%) were referred. Increasing age, female gender, and low education were significantly associated with hearing loss.
There was high prevalence of hearing loss in the study sample. Urgent interventions are required to identify individuals with hearing loss so that its serious complications can be reduced.
听力损失是导致失能生存年数（YLD）的第二大常见原因。本研究旨在确定印度德里部分地区3个月及以上人群中听力损失的患病率、严重程度以及社会人口学相关因素。
在德里部分农村和城市地区对3个月及以上人群开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。在总共664个样本中，85名研究对象（17户）来自农村地区，579名（116户）来自城市地区。对5岁以下儿童使用手持式耳声发射（OAE）进行听力测试和耳部检查，对5岁以上个体使用纯音听力测定法。使用SPSS软件进行数据分析。采用卡方检验分析比例差异。
听力损失的总体患病率为25.1%。61名（10.3%）受试者存在传导性听力损失，5名（0.8%）受试者存在混合性听力损失，94名（15.8%）受试者存在感音神经性听力损失。在OAE测试中，62名（89.9%）儿童通过测试，7名（10.1%）被转诊。年龄增长、女性性别和低教育程度与听力损失显著相关。
研究样本中听力损失患病率较高。需要采取紧急干预措施来识别听力损失个体，以便减少其严重并发症。
