a AgriGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd., Smart City Kochi , India.
b Vechur Conservation Trust , Thrissur , India.
Anim Biotechnol. 2019 Jul;30(3):219-232. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1476376. Epub 2018 Jun 23.
Indigenous cattle of India belong to the species, and they possess various adaptability and production traits. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and origin of these breeds. To investigate the status, we sequenced and analyzed the whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of seven Indian cattle breeds. In total, 49 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified among the seven breeds analyzed. We observed a common synonymous SNV in the COII gene (m.7583G > A) of all the breeds studied. The phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance estimation showed the close genetic relationship among the Indian cattle breeds, whereas distinct genetic differences were observed between and cattle. Our results indicate a common ancestor for European Zwergzebu breed and South Indian cattle. The estimated divergence time demonstrated that the and cattle lineages diverged 0.92 million years ago. Our study also demonstrates that ancestors of present zebu breeds originated in South and North India separately ∼30,000 to 20,000 years ago. In conclusion, the identified genetic variants and results of the phylogenetic analysis may provide baseline information to develop appropriate strategies for management and conservation of Indian cattle breeds.
印度本土牛属于这一种，它们具有各种适应性和生产特征。然而，对于这些品种的遗传多样性和起源知之甚少。为了研究现状，我们对 7 个印度牛品种进行了全线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 测序和分析。在这 7 个品种中，共鉴定出 49 个单核苷酸变异(SNV)。我们观察到所有研究品种的 COII 基因(m.7583G > A)中存在一个共同的同义 SNV。系统发育分析和遗传距离估计表明，印度牛品种之间具有密切的遗传关系，而 和 牛之间存在明显的遗传差异。我们的结果表明，欧洲 Zwergzebu 品种和南印度牛具有共同的祖先。估计的分化时间表明， 和 牛谱系分化于 0.92 百万年前。我们的研究还表明，现在的瘤牛品种的祖先分别在大约 3 万到 2 万年前起源于印度南部和北部。总之，所鉴定的遗传变异和系统发育分析的结果可以为制定适当的管理和保护印度牛品种的策略提供基线信息。
