University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Apr;36(7-8):NP4074-NP4093. doi: 10.1177/0886260518784590. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Cyberstalking is a relatively new phenomenon with limited empirical research. Consequently, despite the seriousness of the crime, prevalence rates are unreliable and estimates suffer from vast variation. Cyberstalking is likely to be underreported due to limited community understanding of what behaviors constitute cyberstalking. There are many factors unique to cyberstalking which may impact the extent to which the crime is reported, and the extent to which the perpetrator or victim is held responsible. The current study aimed to examine the impact of perpetrator gender, and the relationship between the perpetrator and victim (ex-intimate vs. stranger) on perceptions of cyberstalking. Participants read one of four scenarios, designed for this study, which varied in victim gender and cyberstalker-victim relationship. Perpetrator gender impacted perceptions of the scenario, such that the male perpetrator was viewed as more dangerous. Scenarios with a male perpetrator were perceived as more consistent with cyberstalking and the behavior as illegal in nature. Victim gender was found to impact the amount of blame a victim receives, such that the female victim was attributed less blame than the male victim. Meanwhile, the male victim was blamed more for the occurrence of the cyberstalking behavior, and their claims as a victim were taken less seriously and perceived as less legitimate. Finally, participant gender was found to impact perceptions toward the cyberstalking scenarios.
网络跟踪是一种相对较新的现象，其实证研究有限。因此，尽管犯罪行为十分严重，但流行率却不可靠，估计值差异很大。由于社区对哪些行为构成网络跟踪的理解有限，因此网络跟踪可能被低估。网络跟踪有许多独特的因素，可能会影响到报告犯罪的程度，以及施害者或受害者应承担多大责任的程度。本研究旨在探讨施害者性别，以及施害者与受害者之间的关系（前亲密关系与陌生人）对网络跟踪看法的影响。参与者阅读了为本研究设计的四个场景中的一个，这些场景在受害者性别和网络跟踪者与受害者的关系上有所不同。施害者的性别影响了对场景的看法，例如，男性施害者被认为更危险。有男性施害者的场景被认为更符合网络跟踪行为，其行为在性质上是非法的。受害者的性别会影响受害者所受到的指责程度，女性受害者比男性受害者受到的指责要少。同时，男性受害者因网络跟踪行为而受到更多指责，他们作为受害者的说法被认为不那么严肃，也不那么合法。最后，参与者的性别被发现会影响他们对网络跟踪场景的看法。
