Department Psychology, University of Potsdam, Germany.
J Interpers Violence. 2011 Jun;26(9):1785-97. doi: 10.1177/0886260510372945. Epub 2010 Jun 28.
Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.
法律决策研究表明，人们往往倾向于指责受害者而开脱性侵犯者的罪责。本研究通过将强奸案件与抢劫案件进行比较，检验了强奸案件中存在特殊宽大处理偏向的假设。共有 288 名参与者收到了关于一名男性犯罪者对一名女性受害者实施强奸和抢劫的描述，并对受害者和犯罪者的罪责进行了评价。案例场景在先前的关系（陌生人、熟人、前伴侣）和强制策略（使用武力与利用受害者醉酒）方面存在差异。与抢劫案件相比，人们对强奸案件中受害者的指责更多，对犯罪者的指责更少。在强奸案件中，有关受害者和犯罪者先前关系的信息增加了对受害者的指责，降低了对犯罪者的看法，但在抢劫案件中没有这种情况。研究结果支持了性侵犯案件中存在特殊宽大处理偏向的观点。
