González-Rivas Juan P, José García Santiago Raúl, Ugel Eunice, Brajkovich Imperia, Risquez Alejandro, Nieto-Martínez Ramfis
Invest Clin. 2016 Dec;57(4):364-76.
The prevalence of hypertension in multiple regions of Venezuela is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in five populations from three regions. During 2006 to 2010, 1392 subjects aged 20 or older were selected by multistage stratified random sampling from all households in five municipalities from: Lara State (Western region), Merida State (Andean region), and Capital District (Capital region). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analysis were obtained from each participant. Mean age was 45.2 ± 0.4 years and 68% were females. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.3% (CI 95% 28.9 – 33.8), it was higher in men than women (38.1% [33.5 – 42.8] vs. 28.2% [25.4 – 31.2], respectively; p <0.001). The hypertensive participants were older, with higher body mass index (BMI), glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides; and lower values of HDL-c, than pre-hypertensive and normotensive participants (p < 0.05). In women, hypertension prevalence increased linearly for every decade of life and by category of BMI; whereas in men it increased until the fifth decade of life, and was similar in patients with overweight and obesity. The risk of hypertension increased with age, the presence of obesity, diabetes, overweight and family history of hypertension. Only 17.7% of the hypertensive subjects were both treated and controlled. In conclusion, about one third of the subjects evaluated had hypertension and about one fifth of them had their hypertension under control. In Venezuela, hypertension is a serious public health problem exacerbated by age and overweight.
委内瑞拉多个地区高血压的患病率尚不清楚。本研究的目的是估计来自三个地区的五个人口群体中高血压的患病率。在2006年至2010年期间，通过多阶段分层随机抽样从以下五个城市的所有家庭中选取了1392名20岁及以上的受试者：拉腊州（西部地区）、梅里达州（安第斯地区）和首都区（首都地区）。对每位参与者进行了人体测量、血压测量和生化分析。平均年龄为45.2±0.4岁，68%为女性。高血压的总体患病率为31.3%（95%置信区间为28.9 – 33.8），男性高于女性（分别为38.1% [33.5 – 42.8] 和28.2% [25.4 – 31.2]；p <0.001）。与高血压前期和血压正常的参与者相比，高血压参与者年龄更大，体重指数（BMI）、血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯更高；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇值更低（p <0.05）。在女性中，高血压患病率每增加一个十年以及按BMI类别呈线性增加；而在男性中，高血压患病率在第五个十年之前增加，超重和肥胖患者的患病率相似。高血压风险随年龄、肥胖、糖尿病、超重以及高血压家族史的存在而增加。只有17.7%的高血压患者得到了治疗且血压得到控制。总之，约三分之一接受评估的受试者患有高血压，其中约五分之一的高血压得到了控制。在委内瑞拉，高血压是一个严重的公共卫生问题，年龄和超重使其加剧。
