Laraqui Omar, Manar Nadia, Laraqui Salwa, Ghailan Tarik, Charioui Souad, Deschamps Frédéric, Laraqui Chakib El Houssine
Graduate School of Health Engineering, 24 rue Lafontaine, Quartier Racine, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco.
Int Marit Health. 2018;69(2):118-125. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2018.0017.
Dockers in the port facilities are exposed to significant psychosocial risks (stress, suffering at work, etc.) related to heavy organisational, environmental, physical, chemical constraints, etc. These workers are particularly affected by the consumption of psychoactive substances because of the dangerousness and complexity of their work. To what extent can these numerous occupational risks be at the origin of behaviour favouring the consumption of psychoactive substances? However, in our country no study has investigated toxic habits in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the use and misuse of psychoactive substances amongst dockers, and to appreciate the poly-consumption according to socio-demographic and occupational characteristics.
This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 665 dockers. The interview took place at the occupational health service and lasted between 15 and 20 minutes for each person respecting the confidentiality. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic characteristics, socio-professional characteristics, and toxic habits (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and others psychotropic substances). The misuse was assessed by specific tests: Fagerström test for tobacco smoking, Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
The prevalence of use was 30.5% for tobacco smoking, 9.1% for cannabis smoking, and 16.5% for alcohol consumption. The prevalence of toxic habits was significantly higher in handlers than in machinery operators: tobacco smoking (39.7% vs. 27%; p = 0.002), snuff tobacco (12.5% vs. 4.6%; p = 0.001), hookah (7.6% vs. 2%; p = 0.001), cannabis smoking (20.6% vs. 4.5%; p = 0.001) and alcohol consumption (22.3% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.019). Amongst consumers, the prevalence of dependence or misuse was 45.3% for tobacco smoking, 56.7% for cannabis smoking and 44.5% for alcohol consumption. Fifty-two point five per cent had no toxic habit, 36.7% had one toxic habit, 9.9% two toxic habits, and 0.9% three toxic habits. The most frequent associations were tobacco-alcohol (6.5%), and tobacco-cannabis (3%).
Occupational health professionals have to play a key role in raising awareness and fighting against consumption of psychoactive substances amongst dockers.
港口设施中的码头工人面临着重大的社会心理风险（压力、工作痛苦等），这些风险与繁重的组织、环境、身体、化学限制等有关。由于工作的危险性和复杂性，这些工人特别容易受到精神活性物质消费的影响。这些众多的职业风险在多大程度上可能是导致有利于精神活性物质消费行为的根源？然而，在我国，尚无研究调查过这一人群的有毒习惯。本研究的目的是确定码头工人中精神活性物质使用和滥用的患病率，并根据社会人口统计学和职业特征评估多种物质消费情况。
本横断面研究在665名码头工人中进行。访谈在职业健康服务机构进行，每人访谈持续15至20分钟，同时尊重保密性。问卷涵盖社会人口统计学特征、社会职业特征以及有毒习惯（烟草、酒精、大麻和其他精神药物）。通过特定测试评估滥用情况：吸烟的法格斯特龙测试、大麻滥用筛查测试（CAST）和酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）。
吸烟的患病率为30.5%，吸食大麻的患病率为9.1%，饮酒的患病率为16.5%。装卸工人的有毒习惯患病率显著高于机械操作员：吸烟（39.7%对27%；p = 0.002）；鼻烟（12.5%对4.6%；p = 0.001）；水烟（7.6%对2%；p = 0.001）；吸食大麻（20.6%对4.5%；p = 0.001）；饮酒（22.3%对14.3%；p = 0.019）。在消费者中，吸烟的依赖或滥用患病率为45.3%，吸食大麻的为56.7%，饮酒的为44.5%。52.5%的人没有有毒习惯，36.7%的人有一种有毒习惯，9.9%的人有两种有毒习惯，0.9%的人有三种有毒习惯。最常见的组合是烟草 - 酒精（6.5%）和烟草 - 大麻（3%）。
职业健康专业人员必须在提高码头工人对精神活性物质消费的认识和抵制方面发挥关键作用。
