Guo Xueping, Stedtfeld Robert D, Hedman Hayden, Eisenberg Joseph N S, Trueba Gabriel, Yin Daqiang, Tiedje James M, Zhang Lixin
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China.
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Aug 7;52(15):8165-8172. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01667. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
Small-scale poultry farming is common in rural communities across the developing world. To examine the extent to which small-scale poultry farming serves as a reservoir for resistance determinants, the resistome of fecal samples was compared between production chickens that received antibiotics and free-ranging household chickens that received no antibiotics from a rural village in northern Ecuador. A qPCR array was used to quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) using 248 primer pairs; and the microbiome structure was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A large number of ARGs (148) and MGEs (29) were detected. The ARG richness in production chickens was significantly higher than that of household chickens with an average of 15 more genes detected ( p < 0.01). Moreover, ARGs and MGEs were much more abundant in production chickens than in household chickens (up to a 157-fold difference). Production chicken samples had significantly lower taxonomic diversity and were more abundant in Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria. The high abundance and diversity of ARGs and MGEs found in small-scale poultry farming was comparable to the levels previously found in large scale animal production, suggesting that these chickens could act as a local reservoir for spreading ARGs into rural communities.
小规模家禽养殖在发展中世界的农村社区很常见。为了研究小规模家禽养殖作为耐药决定因素储存库的程度，比较了厄瓜多尔北部一个乡村中接受抗生素的生产鸡和未接受抗生素的散养家禽粪便样本的耐药组。使用qPCR阵列通过248对引物定量抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和移动遗传元件（MGE）；并通过16S rRNA基因测序分析微生物组结构。检测到大量的ARG（148个）和MGE（29个）。生产鸡中的ARG丰富度显著高于家禽，平均多检测到15个基因（p<0.01）。此外，生产鸡中的ARG和MGE比家禽丰富得多（相差高达157倍）。生产鸡样本的分类多样性显著较低，γ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲和黄杆菌纲更为丰富。在小规模家禽养殖中发现的ARG和MGE的高丰度和多样性与之前在大规模动物生产中发现的水平相当，这表明这些鸡可能作为将ARG传播到农村社区的本地储存库。
