Chalfoun Nadia R, Durman Sandra B, González-Montaner Jorge, Reznikov Sebastián, De Lisi Vicente, González Victoria, Moretti Enrique R, Devani Mario R, Ploper L Daniel, Castagnaro Atilio P, Welin Björn
Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina.
Bayer S.A., Argentina - Crop Science LATAM 2, Crop Science Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Jun 12;9:763. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00763. eCollection 2018.
Currently, fungicide application in soybean production accounts for an important amount of global pesticide use, and it is therefore most desirable to find new healthier and more environmental friendly alternatives for the phytosanitary management in this crop. In this study, we present convincing evidence for effective induction of disease protection by the agricultural biostimulant PSP1, a formulation based on the plant-defense eliciting activity of the fungal protease AsES ( elicitor subtilisin), in multiple field trials in Argentina. PSP1 was shown to combine well with commercial spray adjuvants, an insecticide, a herbicide and fungicides used in Argentinian soybean production without losing any defense-inducing activity, indicating an easy and efficient adaptability to conventional soybean production and disease management in the region. Results from multiple soybean field trials conducted with different elite genotypes at several locations during two consecutive growing seasons, showed that PSP1 is able to induce an enhanced pathogen defense which effectively reduced late season disease (LSD) development in field-grown soybean. This defense response seems to be broad-range as disease development was clearly reduced for at least three different fungi causing LSDs in soybean ( and ). It was noteworthy that application of PSP1 in soybean alone gave a similar protection against fungal diseases as compared to the commercial fungicides included in the field trials and that PSP1 applied together with a fungicide at reproductive stages enhanced disease protection and significantly increased grain yields. PSP1 is the first example of an elicitor-based strategy in order to efficiently control multiple fungal diseases under field conditions in the soybean crop. These results show the feasibility of using induced resistance products as complements or even full-good replacements to currently used chemical pesticides, fulfilling a role as important components of a more sustainable crop disease management system.
目前，大豆生产中杀菌剂的使用量在全球农药使用量中占重要比例，因此，为这种作物的植物卫生管理找到更健康、更环保的新替代品是非常可取的。在本研究中，我们在阿根廷的多个田间试验中提供了令人信服的证据，证明了农业生物刺激剂PSP1能有效诱导病害防护，PSP1是一种基于真菌蛋白酶AsES（激发子枯草杆菌蛋白酶）的植物防御激发活性的制剂。结果表明，PSP1能与阿根廷大豆生产中使用的商业喷雾助剂、杀虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂很好地结合，且不丧失任何防御诱导活性，这表明它能轻松、高效地适应该地区的传统大豆生产和病害管理。在两个连续生长季节的多个地点，对不同优良基因型进行的多次大豆田间试验结果表明，PSP1能够诱导增强的病原体防御，有效减少田间种植大豆后期病害（LSD）的发生。这种防御反应似乎具有广泛的范围，因为至少三种导致大豆LSD的不同真菌引起的病害发展明显减少。值得注意的是，单独在大豆中施用PSP1与田间试验中使用的商业杀菌剂相比，对真菌病害的防护效果相似，并且在生殖阶段将PSP1与杀菌剂一起施用可增强病害防护并显著提高谷物产量。PSP1是基于激发子策略在田间条件下有效控制大豆作物多种真菌病害的首个实例。这些结果表明，使用诱导抗性产品作为当前使用的化学农药的补充甚至完全替代品是可行的，它们可作为更可持续的作物病害管理系统的重要组成部分发挥作用。
