Tekampe J, Peerdeman K J, Bartels D J P, van Laarhoven A I M, Evers A W M
Gezondheids-, Medische en Neuropsychologie, Instituut Psychologie, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, Niederlande.
Afdeling Medische Psychologie, Radboud universitair medisch centrum, Nijmegen, Niederlande.
Hautarzt. 2018 Aug;69(8):626-630. doi: 10.1007/s00105-018-4211-9.
Patients often experience positive (placebo) or negative (nocebo) treatment effects due to the positive or negative expectations they have about the treatment. Placebo and nocebo effects have only relatively recently received attention for itch. Experimental studies indicate that, in line with research in other areas, such as pain, learning via verbal suggestion and conditioning plays a key role in placebo and nocebo effects on itch. Results on contagious itch emphasize the role of observational learning and suggest that itch sensations might be particularly susceptible to suggestion and therefore placebo and nocebo effects. Substantial itch reductions in the placebo arms of clinical trials suggest that placebo effects are also important for clinical practice. In this article, an overview is given of how placebo and nocebo effects on itch can optimally be used in research and for the treatment of itch.
由于患者对治疗抱有积极或消极的期望，他们常常会体验到积极（安慰剂）或消极（反安慰剂）的治疗效果。安慰剂和反安慰剂效应只是在最近才受到对于瘙痒方面的关注。实验研究表明，与疼痛等其他领域的研究一致，通过言语暗示和条件作用进行学习在安慰剂和反安慰剂对瘙痒的效应中起着关键作用。关于传染性瘙痒的研究结果强调了观察性学习的作用，并表明瘙痒感觉可能特别容易受到暗示的影响，因此也容易受到安慰剂和反安慰剂效应的影响。临床试验安慰剂组中瘙痒显著减轻表明安慰剂效应在临床实践中也很重要。本文概述了如何在研究和瘙痒治疗中最佳地利用安慰剂和反安慰剂对瘙痒的效应。
