Fellgiebel A
Zentrum für psychische Gesundheit im Alter, Landeskrankenhaus (AöR), Hartmühlenweg 2-4, 55122, Mainz, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2018 Jul;89(7):773-778. doi: 10.1007/s00115-018-0544-y.
Why does the aspect of aging justify a special survey of resilience to the development of mental disorders? Patterns of chronic stress burden change with age (e. g. disappearance of workplace-related stress, but increased risk of frequent chronic diseases). Moreover, capabilities and cognitive strategies of stress coping differ between young and older adults.
The article summarizes relevant age aspects of resilience to mental disorders and evaluates the current knowledge concerning consecutive development of prevention strategies for avoidance of affective disorders and dementia.
Stress-aggravating reduced cognitive functioning (especially executive problem solving) can be observed together with, probably stress-reducing, age-specific appraisal preferences (positivity effect) in older persons. Other age-specific aspects are resilience mechanisms against cognitive decline and dementia development despite cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative brain pathology-related conditions, which are referred to as cognitive reserve. Different cognitive reserve enhancing strategies can effectively contribute to dementia prevention.
为何衰老这一方面需要对精神障碍发展的恢复力进行专门调查？慢性压力负担模式会随年龄变化（例如与工作场所相关的压力消失，但患常见慢性病的风险增加）。此外，年轻人和老年人在应对压力的能力和认知策略方面存在差异。
本文总结了精神障碍恢复力的相关年龄方面内容，并评估了目前关于预防情感障碍和痴呆症连续发展的预防策略的知识。
在老年人中，可以观察到压力加剧导致认知功能下降（尤其是执行问题解决能力），同时可能存在减轻压力的特定年龄评估偏好（积极效应）。其他特定年龄方面包括尽管存在脑血管和神经退行性脑病理相关状况，但针对认知衰退和痴呆症发展的恢复力机制，即认知储备。不同的增强认知储备策略可以有效预防痴呆症。
