Chung Deanna M, Ferree Elise, Simon Dawn M, Yeh Pamela J
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Scripps and Pitzer Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.
Ecohealth. 2018 Sep;15(3):627-641. doi: 10.1007/s10393-018-1342-5. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
Birds, with their broad geographic ranges and close association with humans, have historically played an important role as carriers of human disease and as reservoirs for drug-resistant bacteria. Here, we examine scientific literature over a 15-year timespan to identify reported avian-bacterial associations and factors that may impact zoonotic disease emergence by classifying traits of bird species and their bacteria. We find that the majority of wild birds studied were migratory, in temperate habitats, and in the order Passeriformes. The highest diversity of bacteria was found on birds in natural habitats. The most frequently reported bacteria were Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Campylobacter jejuni. Of the bacteria species reported, 54% have shown pathogenicity toward humans. Percentage-wise, more pathogens were found in tropical (vs. temperate) habitats and natural (vs. suburban, urban, or agricultural) habitats. Yet, only 22% were tested for antibiotic resistance, and of those tested, 75% of bacteria species were resistant to at least one antibiotic. There were no significant patterns of antibiotic resistance in migratory versus non-migratory birds, temperate versus tropical areas, or different habitats. We discuss biases in detection and representation, and suggest a need for increased sampling in non-temperate zones and in a wider range of avian species.
鸟类分布范围广泛，且与人类关系密切，在历史上一直作为人类疾病的传播载体以及耐药菌的宿主发挥着重要作用。在此，我们研究了15年间的科学文献，通过对鸟类物种及其细菌的特征进行分类，来确定已报道的鸟类与细菌的关联以及可能影响人畜共患病出现的因素。我们发现，所研究的大多数野生鸟类为候鸟，生活在温带栖息地，且属于雀形目。在自然栖息地的鸟类身上发现的细菌多样性最高。最常报道的细菌为大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和空肠弯曲菌。在所报道的细菌物种中，54%已显示出对人类的致病性。按百分比计算，在热带（相对于温带）栖息地和自然（相对于郊区、城市或农业）栖息地发现了更多的病原体。然而，仅对22%的细菌进行了抗生素耐药性测试，在这些接受测试的细菌中，75%的细菌物种对至少一种抗生素具有耐药性。在候鸟与非候鸟、温带与热带地区或不同栖息地之间，没有明显的抗生素耐药性模式。我们讨论了检测和呈现方面的偏差，并建议需要增加在非温带地区和更广泛鸟类物种中的采样。
