The Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Subst Abus. 2019;40(3):383-388. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1485130. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
: Although the United States and numerous other countries are amidst an opioid overdose crisis, access to safe injection facilities remains limited. We used prospective data from ambulance journals in Oslo, Norway, to describe the patterns, severity, and outcomes of opioid overdoses and compared these characteristics among various overdose locations. We also examined what role a safe injection facility may have had on these overdoses. Based on 48,825 ambulance calls, 1054 were for opioid overdoses from 465 individuals during 2014 and 2015. The rate of calls for overdoses was 1 out of 48 of the total ambulance calls. Males made up the majority of the sample ( = 368, 79%), and the median age was 35 (range: 18-96). Overdoses occurred in public locations ( = 530, 50.3%), the safe injection facility ( = 353, 33.5%), in private homes ( = 83, 7.9%), and other locations ( = 88, 8.3%). Patients from the safe injection facility and private homes had similarly severe initial clinical symptoms (Glasgow Coma Scale median =3 and respiratory frequency median =4 breaths per minute) when compared with other locations, yet the majority from the safe injection facility did not require further ambulance transport to the hospital ( = 302, 85.6%). Those overdosed in public locations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-2.35), and when the safe injection facility was closed (OR =1.4, 95% CI =1.04-1.89), were more likely to receive transport for further treatment. Our findings suggest that the opening hours at the safe injection facility and the overdose location may impact the likelihood of ambulance transport for further treatment.
尽管美国和许多其他国家正处于阿片类药物过量危机之中，但安全注射设施的获得仍然有限。我们使用挪威奥斯陆救护车日志中的前瞻性数据，描述了阿片类药物过量的模式、严重程度和结果，并比较了不同过量地点的这些特征。我们还研究了安全注射设施在这些过量事件中可能发挥的作用。基于 48825 次救护车呼叫，2014 年至 2015 年期间，有 465 人因阿片类药物过量呼叫了 1054 次。过量呼叫的比例为每 48 次救护车呼叫中有 1 次。男性占样本的大多数（ = 368，79%），中位数年龄为 35 岁（范围：18-96 岁）。过量发生在公共场所（ = 530，50.3%）、安全注射设施（ = 353，33.5%）、私人住宅（ = 83，7.9%）和其他地点（ = 88，8.3%）。与其他地点相比，来自安全注射设施和私人住宅的患者初始临床症状同样严重（格拉斯哥昏迷量表中位数=3，呼吸频率中位数=4 次/分钟），但大多数来自安全注射设施的患者不需要进一步救护车转运到医院（ = 302，85.6%）。在公共场所（比值比[OR] = 1.66，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.17-2.35）和安全注射设施关闭时（OR =1.4，95% CI =1.04-1.89），需要进一步治疗的转运可能性更大。我们的研究结果表明，安全注射设施的开放时间和过量地点可能会影响进一步治疗的救护车转运的可能性。
