Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
Cell Rep. 2018 Jun 26;23(13):3741-3749. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.084.
Recent studies have revealed a key role of PARP1 that catalyzes the poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of substrates in regulating gene transcription. We show here that HIV-1 transcriptional activation also requires PARP1 activity. Because efficient HIV-1 transactivation is known to depend on the ELL2-containing super elongation complex (SEC), we investigated the functional relationship between PARP1 and ELL2-SEC in HIV-1 transcriptional control. We show that PARP1 elevates ELL2 protein levels to form more ELL2-SEC in cells. This effect is caused by PARP1's suppression of expression of Siah1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for ELL2, at both mRNA and protein levels. At the mRNA level, PARP1 coordinates with the co-repressor NCoR to suppress Siah1 transcription. At the protein level, PARP1 promotes Siah1 proteolysis, likely through inducing PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU) of Siah1. Thus, a PARP1-Siah1 axis activates HIV-1 transcription and controls the expression of ELL2 and other Siah1 substrates.
最近的研究揭示了 PARP1 的一个关键作用,即催化底物的聚 ADP-核糖基化(PARylation),从而调节基因转录。我们在这里表明,HIV-1 的转录激活也需要 PARP1 活性。因为众所周知,有效的 HIV-1 转录激活依赖于包含 ELL2 的超延伸复合物(SEC),我们研究了 PARP1 和 ELL2-SEC 在 HIV-1 转录控制中的功能关系。我们表明,PARP1 可提高 ELL2 蛋白水平,从而在细胞中形成更多的 ELL2-SEC。这种效应是由 PARP1 抑制 Siah1 的表达引起的,Siah1 是 ELL2 的 E3 泛素连接酶,在 mRNA 和蛋白质水平上均如此。在 mRNA 水平上,PARP1 与共抑制因子 NCoR 协调,抑制 Siah1 的转录。在蛋白质水平上,PARP1 促进 Siah1 的蛋白水解,可能通过诱导 Siah1 的 PARylation 依赖性泛素化(PARdU)。因此,PARP1-Siah1 轴激活 HIV-1 转录,并控制 ELL2 和其他 Siah1 底物的表达。