United States Department of Agriculture⁻Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Viruses. 2018 Jun 26;10(7):342. doi: 10.3390/v10070342.
There is limited information on the distribution of blueberry viruses in the U.S. or around the world other than where the viruses were first discovered and characterized. A survey for blueberry viruses was carried out in the U.S. in 2015⁻2017. Most blueberry viruses have been characterized to the point that sensitive diagnostic assays have been developed. These assays are based on ELISA or variations of PCR, which were employed here to determine the presence of blueberry viruses in major blueberry production and nursery areas of the U.S. The viruses included in this study were: blueberry fruit drop (BFDaV), blueberry latent (BlLV), blueberry leaf mottle (BLMoV), blueberry mosaic (BlMaV), blueberry red ringspot (BRRV), blueberry scorch (BlScV), blueberry shock (BlShV), blueberry shoestring (BlSSV), blueberry virus A (BVA), peach rosette mosaic (PRMV), tobacco ringspot (TRSV), and tomato ringspot (ToRSV). In the Pacific Northwest BlShV was the most widespread virus, with BlScV and ToRSV detected in a limited number of fields in Oregon and Washington, but BlScV was widespread in British Columbia. In the upper midwest, the nematode-borne (ToRSV, TRSV), aphid-transmitted (BlSSV and BVA) and pollen-borne (BLMoV) viruses were most widespread. In the northeast, TRSV, ToRSV, and BlScV, were detected most frequently. In the southeast, BRRV and BNRBV were the most widespread viruses. BlLV, a cryptic virus with no known symptoms or effect on plant growth or yield was present in all regions. There are other viruses present at low levels in each of the areas, but with the lower incidence they pose minimal threat to nursery systems or fruit production. These results indicate that there are hotspots for individual virus groups that normally coincide with the presence of the vectors. The information presented highlights the high risk viruses for nursery and fruit production each pose a different challenge for control.
在美国或世界其他地区，除了病毒最初被发现和描述的地方之外，关于蓝莓病毒的分布信息有限。2015 年至 2017 年期间，美国对蓝莓病毒进行了调查。大多数蓝莓病毒的特征已被充分描述，因此开发了敏感的诊断检测方法。这些检测方法基于 ELISA 或 PCR 的变体，这里采用这些方法来确定美国主要蓝莓生产区和苗圃地区蓝莓病毒的存在情况。本研究中包括的病毒有：蓝莓果实脱落病毒（BFDaV）、蓝莓潜隐病毒（BlLV）、蓝莓叶片斑驳病毒（BLMoV）、蓝莓花叶病毒（BlMaV）、蓝莓红环斑病毒（BRRV）、蓝莓枯斑病毒（BlScV）、蓝莓休克病毒（BlShV）、蓝莓细条病毒（BlSSV）、蓝莓病毒 A（BVA）、桃镶叶病毒（PRMV）、烟草环斑病毒（TRSV）和番茄环斑病毒（ToRSV）。在太平洋西北地区，BlShV 是分布最广泛的病毒，俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的少数几个地区检测到 BlScV 和 ToRSV，但不列颠哥伦比亚省的 BlScV 分布广泛。在上中西部地区，传播方式为线虫（ToRSV、TRSV）、蚜虫传播（BlSSV 和 BVA）和花粉传播（BLMoV）的病毒分布最广泛。在东北部地区，TRSV、ToRSV 和 BlScV 的检出频率最高。在东南部地区，BRRV 和 BNRBV 是分布最广泛的病毒。在所有地区都存在一种无明显症状、对植物生长或产量无影响的隐性病毒 BlLV。在每个地区都有其他水平较低的病毒，但由于发病率较低，它们对苗圃系统或水果生产的威胁最小。这些结果表明，个别病毒组存在热点，这些热点通常与载体的存在相一致。所提供的信息突出了对苗圃和水果生产构成高风险的病毒，它们各自构成了不同的控制挑战。
