Muzi Camila Drumond, Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho, Luiz Ronir Raggio
Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2018 Jun 25;34(6):e00077617. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00077617.
The degree of urbanization has been associated with both tobacco consumption and quit rates. The current study aims to examine the importance of the urban-rural context in the determination of tobacco consumption patterns and smoking cessation. Data were used from the supplement of the Special Survey on Smoking (PETab) from the 2008 Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). The sample included 14,420 individuals over 15 years of age, of whom 7,003 were current smokers and 7,417 former smokers in the PETab. Smoking prevalence and cessation rates were calculated. Individuals were stratified according to urban and rural residence. Other sociodemographic variables were also analyzed: sex, age bracket, race, and schooling. To explore the difference in smoking prevalence and cessation rate for each stratum in the census situation, the data were adjusted using a Poisson model. Smoking prevalence was higher in places less influenced by the urban environment. Meanwhile, smoking cessation was higher in more urbanized places. Smoking prevalence showed a decrease in consumption as the population's urban characteristics increased (PR = 0.75 for eminently urban vs eminently rural, p = 0.001). Smoking cessation trends showed that the more urban population was more prone to quitting (PR = 1.22 for eminently urban vs eminently rural, p < 0.001). The results point to the need to improve the effectiveness of services for follow-up and encouragement of cessation in rural areas.
城市化程度与烟草消费及戒烟率均有关联。本研究旨在探讨城乡背景在确定烟草消费模式和戒烟方面的重要性。数据来源于2008年巴西全国住户抽样调查（PNAD）的吸烟专项调查（PETab）补充资料。样本包括15岁以上的14420人，其中PETab中有7003名当前吸烟者和7417名既往吸烟者。计算了吸烟率和戒烟率。个体按城乡居住地进行分层。还分析了其他社会人口学变量：性别、年龄组、种族和受教育程度。为探究普查情况下各层吸烟率和戒烟率的差异，使用泊松模型对数据进行了调整。在受城市环境影响较小的地方，吸烟率较高。与此同时，在城市化程度较高的地方，戒烟率较高。随着人口城市特征的增加，吸烟率呈下降趋势（与典型农村地区相比，典型城市地区的PR = 0.75，p = 0.001）。戒烟趋势表明，城市人口更倾向于戒烟（与典型农村地区相比，典型城市地区的PR = 1.22，p < 0.001）。结果表明，有必要提高农村地区戒烟随访和鼓励服务的有效性。
