Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia Oeste Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 19;18(10):e0292612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292612. eCollection 2023.
Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil.
Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The population of interest was adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years. Data were collected through individual interviews during home visits. Dependent variables included major risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were used as independent variables. Multiple Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and risk factors.
A total of 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women) were included. Regardless of sex, the most prevalent risk factors were insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption (92.6%) and leisure-time physical inactivity (43.3%). The prevalence rates of tobacco smokers, alcohol consumption once a month or more, and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, and 18.5%, respectively. Regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was described by 17.2%. The prevalence of overweight was 32.5%. Young adults, males, and individuals with lower educational levels, of black race/skin color, with lower household income, and residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. Differences in the determinants were found for some factors. Inequalities between Brazilian regions were recorded for seven of the nine factors analyzed. The most socioeconomically developed regions had the highest prevalence of most risk factors. The high magnitude of risk factors indicates a potential increase in the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases in a future scenario for Brazil.
估计巴西青少年和青年中慢性非传染性疾病危险因素的严重程度和相关因素。
本横断面研究分析了 2019 年全国健康调查的数据。研究对象为 15 至 24 岁的青少年和青年。数据通过家访时的个人访谈收集。因变量包括慢性非传染性疾病的主要危险因素。人口统计学和社会经济特征被用作自变量。多泊松回归模型用于评估自变量与危险因素之间的关系。
共纳入 10460 人（5001 名男性和 5459 名女性）。无论性别如何，最常见的危险因素是水果和蔬菜摄入不足（92.6%）和休闲时间体力活动不足（43.3%）。吸烟者、每月饮酒一次或以上、酒精滥用的患病率分别为 8.9%、28.7%和 18.5%。经常饮用软饮料和/或人工果汁的比例为 17.2%。超重的患病率为 32.5%。青年、男性以及受教育程度较低、黑皮肤/黑种人、家庭收入较低、居住在城市地区的个体，其大多数危险因素的患病率较高。一些因素的决定因素存在差异。在所分析的 9 个因素中有 7 个记录了巴西地区之间的不平等。社会经济最发达的地区大多数危险因素的患病率最高。危险因素的严重程度表明，巴西未来慢性非传染性疾病的负担可能会增加。
