Department of Psychology, FernUniversitat in Hagen.
School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim.
Psychol Rev. 2018 Oct;125(5):744-768. doi: 10.1037/rev0000107. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
A common assumption of many established models for decision making is that information is searched according to some prespecified search rule. While the content of the information influences the termination of search, usually specified as a stopping rule, the direction of search is viewed as being independent of the valence of the retrieved information. We propose an extension to the parallel constraint satisfaction network model (iCodes: integrated coherence-based decision and search), which assumes-in contrast to prespecified search rules-that the valence of available information influences search of concealed information. Specifically, the model predicts an attraction search effect in that information search is directed toward the more attractive alternative given the available information. In 3 studies with participants choosing between two options based on partially revealed probabilistic information, the attraction search effect was consistently observed for environments with varying costs for information search although the magnitude of the effect decreased with decreasing monetary search costs. We also find the effect in reanalyses of 5 published studies. With iCodes, we propose a fully specified formal model and discuss implications for theory development within competing modeling frameworks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
许多已建立的决策模型的一个常见假设是，信息是根据某些预先指定的搜索规则进行搜索的。虽然信息的内容会影响搜索的终止，通常指定为停止规则，但搜索的方向被视为与检索信息的效价无关。我们提出了对并行约束满足网络模型（iCodes：基于一致性的集成决策和搜索）的扩展，该模型假设——与预先指定的搜索规则相反——可用信息的效价会影响隐藏信息的搜索。具体来说，该模型预测了一种吸引力搜索效应，即在给定可用信息的情况下，信息搜索会指向更有吸引力的选择。在 3 项研究中，参与者根据部分揭示的概率信息在两个选项之间进行选择，尽管随着货币搜索成本的降低，效应的幅度减小，但在信息搜索成本不同的环境中，都观察到了吸引力搜索效应。我们还在对 5 项已发表研究的重新分析中发现了这种效应。通过 iCodes，我们提出了一个完全指定的正式模型，并讨论了对竞争建模框架内的理论发展的影响。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2018 APA，保留所有权利）。
