运动相关性脑震荡后认知灵活性恢复轨迹存在差异的初步证据。
Preliminary evidence for differential trajectories of recovery for cognitive flexibility following sports-related concussion.
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology.
出版信息
Neuropsychology. 2018 Jul;32(5):564-574. doi: 10.1037/neu0000475.
OBJECTIVE
A critical barrier to the understanding of disruptions to cognitive flexibility following sports-related concussion is the use of assessments that conflate shifts of visuospatial attention and contextual rules. Because these dissociable forms of cognitive flexibility are subserved by distinct neural networks, the utility of a cognitive flexibility assessment following concussion may be reduced, depending upon the extent to which the task requires shifting visuospatial attention relative to shifting contextual rules. Accordingly, the current investigation examined the extent to which these aspects of cognitive flexibility exhibit differential trajectories of recovery following a sports-related concussion.
METHOD
Twenty-two athletes with sports-related concussions were assessed on a cognitive flexibility task with 2 switch conditions (i.e., perceptual-based and contextual rule-based) within 72 hr of injury, after return to play, and within 1 month following return to play. Thirty-three healthy control athletes were tested at the same intervals.
RESULTS
Findings revealed that concussed athletes demonstrated protracted disruptions in task performance on a visuospatial attention-based cognitive flexibility task relative to healthy controls, whereas disruptions in task performance on a contextual rule-based cognitive flexibility task resolved after the acute phase of injury. These findings suggest that dissociable forms of cognitive flexibility exhibit differential trajectories of recovery.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, evaluations detecting sports-related concussion disruptions in cognitive flexibility may be reduced depending on the extent to which they rely on contextual rule-based decisions. Test batteries focusing on visuospatial attention-based demands may be useful additions to aid in the objective assessment and follow-up management of athletes following the acute phase of injury. (PsycINFO Database Record
目的
理解运动相关性脑震荡后认知灵活性的中断是一个关键障碍，这是因为使用的评估方法将视觉空间注意和上下文规则的转变混为一谈。由于这些可分离的认知灵活性形式由不同的神经网络提供服务，因此，在脑震荡后进行认知灵活性评估的效用可能会降低，这取决于任务相对于转变上下文规则来转变视觉空间注意力的程度。因此，目前的研究调查了这些认知灵活性方面在运动相关性脑震荡后恢复的程度和轨迹。
方法
在损伤后 72 小时内、重返赛场后和重返赛场后 1 个月内，对 22 名患有运动相关性脑震荡的运动员进行了一项认知灵活性任务的评估，该任务有 2 种转换条件（即基于知觉的和基于上下文规则的）。33 名健康对照组运动员在相同的间隔时间内接受测试。
结果
研究结果表明，与健康对照组相比，脑震荡运动员在基于视觉空间注意力的认知灵活性任务中的表现表现出持续的中断，而基于上下文规则的认知灵活性任务中的表现中断在急性损伤期后得到解决。这些发现表明，可分离的认知灵活性形式表现出不同的恢复轨迹。
结论
因此，评估运动相关性脑震荡对认知灵活性的干扰可能会因它们依赖于基于上下文规则的决策的程度而降低。专注于基于视觉空间注意力需求的测试组合可能是有用的补充，有助于在损伤后的急性阶段对运动员进行客观评估和后续管理。（心理信息数据库记录）
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