Okolo Kenneth O, Orisakwe Orish Ebere, Siminialayi Iyeopu M
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Port Harcourt, Elele Rivers State, Nigeria.
Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(5):419-429. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018026044.
Chronic kidney disease is a health burden worldwide but particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, with dwindling resources as a result of poor commodity export, devaluation of currencies, and corruption that had decreased the average family income and substantially increased the number of persons living on less than $1.90/day. Natural products are part of the healthcare delivery system in that part of the world. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Pleurotus tuber-regium on the kidneys of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 13 weeks. Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups, with 10 animals in each group. Group I (control) received olive oil (3 mL/kg) intraperitoneally twice weekly and were given feed and water ad libitum. Group II received CCl4 (3 mL/kg, 30% in olive oil) twice weekly. Groups III, IV, and V received 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg wild edible P. tuber-regium (33.3% in feed) daily, respectively, in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 twice weekly. Group VI received 500 mg/kg P. tuber-regium (33.3% in feed) daily. At the end of 13 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and kidney weights recorded. Serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and fasting blood glucose were assayed. Malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase were measured in kidney homogenate. The kidneys were also histologically examined. Administration of CCl4 to rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased the absolute and relative kidney weights from 0.93 ± 0.04 and 0.38 ± 0.02 g in the control group to 1.30 ± 0.04 and 0.58 ± 0.02 g in the treated groups (Groups III, IV, and V), respectively. CCl4 administration increased the concentrations of creatinine, urea, fasting blood glucose, and malondialdehyde from 0.53 ± 0.05 mg/dL, 17.0 ± 1.10 mg/dL, 72 ± 2.80 mg/dL, and 1.40 ± 0.32 μmol/L in the control group to 0.84 ± 0.03 mg/dL, 43.0 ± 6.90 mg/dL, 77 ± 2.2 mg/dL, and 14.0 ± 3.5 μmol/L in the treated groups, respectively. The concentrations of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 0.41 ± 0.02 mg/dL, 5.15 ± 0.21 μg/mL, 8.49 ± 0.38 units/mL, 75.20 ± 4.57 mU/mL, 1.62 ± 0.03 μg/mL, and 9.74 ± 0.40 mU/mL in the control group to 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/dL, 1.80 ± 0.11 μg/mL, 2.78 ± 0.30 units/mL, 31.9 ± 5.87 mU/mL, 0.36 ± 0.04 μg/mL, and 3.84 ± 0.22 mU/mL in the treated groups, respectively. Photomicrographs showed that P. tuber-regium prevented the fibrosis and tubular and Bowman capsule distortions observed in the CCl4-only group. P. tuber-regium is effective in protecting the kidneys against CCl4-induced damage.
慢性肾脏病是一个全球性的健康负担，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区尤为突出，由于商品出口不佳、货币贬值和腐败导致资源减少，这降低了家庭平均收入，并大幅增加了每日生活费低于1.90美元的人口数量。天然产物是该地区医疗保健系统的一部分。本研究旨在评估虎奶菇对用四氯化碳（CCl4）处理13周的大鼠肾脏的保护作用。将60只大鼠分为6组，每组10只动物。第一组（对照组）每周两次腹腔注射橄榄油（3 mL/kg），并随意给予饲料和水。第二组每周两次接受CCl4（3 mL/kg，30%溶于橄榄油）。第三组、第四组和第五组除每周两次接受3 mL/kg CCl4外，每天分别接受100、200和500 mg/kg野生可食用虎奶菇（33.3%添加于饲料中）。第六组每天接受500 mg/kg虎奶菇（33.3%添加于饲料中）。在13周结束时，处死动物并记录肾脏重量。测定血清肌酐、尿素和空腹血糖浓度。在肾脏匀浆中测量丙二醛、抗坏血酸、α-生育酚、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、总谷胱甘肽和过氧化物酶。还对肾脏进行了组织学检查。给大鼠施用CCl4显著（P < 0.05）增加了绝对和相对肾脏重量，对照组分别为0.93 ± 0.04和0.38 ± 0.02 g，处理组（第三组、第四组和第五组）分别为1.30 ± 0.04和0.58 ± 0.02 g。施用CCl4使肌酐、尿素、空腹血糖和丙二醛浓度从对照组的0.53 ± 0.05 mg/dL、17.0 ± 1.10 mg/dL、72 ± 2.80 mg/dL和1.40 ± 0.32 μmol/L分别增加到处理组的0.84 ± 0.03 mg/dL、43.0 ± 6.90 mg/dL、77 ± 2.2 mg/dL和14.0 ± 3.5 μmol/L。抗坏血酸、α-生育酚、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、总谷胱甘肽和过氧化物酶的浓度从对照组的0.41 ± 0.02 mg/dL、5.15 ± 0.21 μg/mL、8.49 ± 0.38单位/mL、75.20 ± 4.57 mU/mL、1.62 ± 0.03 μg/mL和9.74 ± 0.40 mU/mL显著（P < 0.05）降低到处理组的0.24 ± 0.03 mg/dL、1.80 ± 0.11 μg/mL、2.78 ± 0.30单位/mL、31.9 ± 5.87 mU/mL、0.36 ± 0.04 μg/mL和3.84 ± 0.22 mU/mL。显微照片显示，虎奶菇可预防仅接受CCl4处理组中观察到的纤维化以及肾小管和鲍曼囊的扭曲。虎奶菇对保护肾脏免受CCl4诱导的损伤有效。
