Palanisamy Sivanandy, Yien Emily Lau Hie, Shi Ling Wen, Si Low Yi, Qi See Hui, Ling Laura Soon Cheau, Lun Teng Wai, Chen Yap Nee
Department of Pharmacy Practice, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2018 Jun 27;6(3):57. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy6030057.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus and accounts for about 95% of all diabetes cases. Many newer oral as well as parenteral antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in to the market in recent years to control hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes patients and many of these drugs produce potential side effects in diabetes patients. Hence, this systematic review was aimed to analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic agents in controlling HbA1c in T2DM patients, that were approved by the United States-Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) from 2013 to 2017. All randomized controlled, double-blind trials published in English during the search period involving the newer antidiabetic agents were selected. In the outcome assessment comparison, semaglutide demonstrated the highest efficacy in lowering HbA1c, with a 1.6% reduction ( < 0.0001) when given at a dose of 1.0 mg. The safety profile of all the agents as compared to placebo or control were similar, with no or slight increase in the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) but no fatal reaction was reported. The most common AEs of all the antidiabetic agents were gastrointestinal in nature, with several cases of hypoglycemic events. However, among all these agents, semaglutide seems to be the most efficacious drug to improve glycemic control in terms of HbA1c. Alogliptin has the least overall frequency of AEs compared to other treatment groups.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是糖尿病最常见的类型，约占所有糖尿病病例的95%。近年来，许多新型口服和注射用抗糖尿病药物已投放市场，用于控制糖尿病患者的高血糖状况，其中许多药物会给糖尿病患者带来潜在的副作用。因此，本系统评价旨在分析和比较2013年至2017年期间美国食品药品监督管理局（US-FDA）批准的口服抗糖尿病药物在控制T2DM患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）方面的疗效和安全性。检索期间发表的所有涉及新型抗糖尿病药物的英文随机对照双盲试验均被纳入。在疗效评估比较中，司美格鲁肽在降低HbA1c方面显示出最高疗效，剂量为1.0 mg时降低了1.6%（<0.0001）。与安慰剂或对照组相比，所有药物的安全性相似，不良事件（AE）发生率无增加或略有增加，但未报告致命反应。所有抗糖尿病药物最常见的AE为胃肠道反应，有几例低血糖事件。然而，在所有这些药物中，就HbA1c而言，司美格鲁肽似乎是改善血糖控制最有效的药物。与其他治疗组相比，阿格列汀的AE总发生率最低。
