Zhou Yu-Dian, Liang Feng-Xia, Tian Hao-Ran, Luo Dan, Wang Ya-Yuan, Yang Shu-Rui
College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hebei, China.
Department of Respiratory Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hebei, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 20;14:1121695. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121695. eCollection 2023.
Intestinal absorption of food is one of the sources of glucose. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance caused by lifestyle and diet are the precursors of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels. For long-term health, strict glycemic management is necessary. Although it is thought to be well correlated with metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, its molecular mechanism is still not completely understood. Disturbed microbiota triggers the gut immune response to reshape the gut homeostasis. This interaction not only maintains the dynamic changes of intestinal flora, but also preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Meanwhile, the microbiota establishes a systemic multiorgan dialog on the gut-brain and gut-liver axes, intestinal absorption of a high-fat diet affects the host's feeding preference and systemic metabolism. Intervention in the gut microbiota can combat the decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity linked to metabolic diseases both centrally and peripherally. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of oral hypoglycemic medications are also influenced by gut microbiota. The accumulation of drugs in the gut microbiota not only affects the drug efficacy, but also changes the composition and function of them, thus may help to explain individual therapeutic variances in pharmacological efficacy. Regulating gut microbiota through healthy dietary patterns or supplementing pro/prebiotics can provide guidance for lifestyle interventions in people with poor glycemic control. Traditional Chinese medicine can also be used as complementary medicine to effectively regulate intestinal homeostasis. Intestinal microbiota is becoming a new target against metabolic diseases, so more evidence is needed to elucidate the intricate microbiota-immune-host relationship, and explore the therapeutic potential of targeting intestinal microbiota.
食物的肠道吸收是葡萄糖的来源之一。由生活方式和饮食引起的胰岛素抵抗和糖耐量受损是2型糖尿病的先兆。2型糖尿病患者在控制血糖水平方面存在困难。为了长期健康，严格的血糖管理是必要的。尽管人们认为它与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病等代谢疾病密切相关，但其分子机制仍未完全阐明。紊乱的微生物群会触发肠道免疫反应，以重塑肠道内环境稳定。这种相互作用不仅维持肠道菌群的动态变化，还能保持肠道屏障的完整性。同时，微生物群在肠-脑轴和肠-肝轴上建立了系统性的多器官对话，高脂饮食的肠道吸收会影响宿主的进食偏好和全身代谢。干预肠道微生物群可以从中心和外周对抗与代谢疾病相关的糖耐量降低和胰岛素敏感性下降。此外，口服降糖药物的药代动力学也受肠道微生物群的影响。药物在肠道微生物群中的积累不仅影响药物疗效，还会改变它们的组成和功能，从而可能有助于解释药物疗效的个体差异。通过健康的饮食模式调节肠道微生物群或补充益生元/益生菌可为血糖控制不佳的人群提供生活方式干预的指导。中药也可作为补充药物有效调节肠道内环境稳定。肠道微生物群正成为对抗代谢疾病的新靶点，因此需要更多证据来阐明复杂的微生物群-免疫-宿主关系，并探索靶向肠道微生物群的治疗潜力。
