Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jun 28;190(7):440. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6799-8.
Groundwater pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities and poor effluent management is on the rise in Nigeria. Hence, groundwater used for domestic purposes is questionable and therefore calls for scientific scrutiny. Investigation of hydrochemical interactions and quality of groundwater resource is essential in order to monitor and identify sources of water pollutants. As a result, groundwater samples were collected from 21 locations in Abeokuta South, Nigeria and analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Results obtained were subjected to hydrochemical and geospatial analyses. Water quality parameters investigated exhibited wide variations from location to location. Fe, Mg, SO, Cl, total hardness (TH), Mn, Na, NO, SiO, and alkalinity exhibited the highest levels of variation with coefficients of variation of 131.3, 92.8, 83.9, 76.7, 65.9, 64.3, 57.6, 57.2, 57.0, and 52.5, respectively. The average pH value was 6.76 with 71% of the water samples being slightly acidic. Na, Mg, Fe, and EC contents exhibited the most violation of drinking water standards with percent violations of 100, 52.4, 47.6, and 47.6%, respectively. Parameters, such as Mn, Ca, NO, and CO, were within the WHO guideline values for drinking water in all the samples. The highest level of significant correlation was found to exist between Na and Cl (r = 0.84, α = 0.01). Six principal components, which explained 83.5% of the variation in water quality, were extracted with the first (34.1%) and second components (15.7%) representing the influence of mineral dissolution and anthropogenic practices, respectively, on the hydrochemistry of the area. Four hydrochemical clusters were identified with distinctly partitioned water quality. Further analysis revealed that 38, 29, 24, and 9% of the samples were the Na-K-HCO, Na-K-Cl-SO, Ca-Mg-HCO, and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO types, respectively. Anthropogenic activities are increasing threat to groundwater quality in the study location and therefore call for urgent attention. There is also a need for routine monitoring of groundwater in Abeokuta.
人为活动和污水管理不善导致尼日利亚地下水污染日益严重。因此，用于家庭用途的地下水是值得怀疑的，因此需要进行科学审查。为了监测和识别水污染物的来源，必须调查地下水的水文化学相互作用和质量。结果，从尼日利亚阿贝奥库塔南部的 21 个地点采集地下水样本，并使用标准方法分析其理化参数。所得结果进行了水文化学和地理空间分析。从地点到地点，水质参数显示出广泛的变化。Fe、Mg、SO、Cl、总硬度（TH）、Mn、Na、NO、SiO 和碱度的变化最大，变异系数分别为 131.3、92.8、83.9、76.7、65.9、64.3、57.6、57.2、57.0 和 52.5。平均 pH 值为 6.76，71%的水样呈微酸性。Na、Mg、Fe 和 EC 含量最违反饮用水标准，违规百分比分别为 100%、52.4%、47.6%和 47.6%。Mn、Ca、NO 和 CO 等参数在所有水样中均符合世界卫生组织饮用水准则值。发现 Na 和 Cl 之间存在最高水平的显著相关性（r=0.84，α=0.01）。提取了六个主成分，它们解释了水质变化的 83.5%，第一成分（34.1%）和第二成分（15.7%）分别代表了矿物溶解和人为活动对该地区水化学的影响。确定了四个水文化学群，水质明显分隔。进一步分析表明，38%、29%、24%和 9%的样本分别为 Na-K-HCO、Na-K-Cl-SO、Ca-Mg-HCO 和 Ca-Mg-Cl-SO 型。人为活动对研究地点的地下水水质构成越来越大的威胁，因此需要引起紧急关注。还需要定期监测阿贝奥库塔的地下水。
