尼日利亚西南部地下水源中的氟污染：多变量统计方法评估与人的健康风险。
Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk.
机构信息
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0TE, United Kingdom.
Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
出版信息
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Jul 30;156:391-402. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.022.
The present study investigated the ionic and fluoride concentrations in tap water and its associated health risk to local dwellers of Ogun State (Abeokuta south), Nigeria. 63 samples were collected from twenty-one different locations. Results obtained revealed the mean concentration of fluoride (F) as 1.23 mg/L. Other water quality parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), F, Fe and SO surpassed the WHO guidance for drinking water. Strong positive correlation was observed between F and TDS; F and pH; TDS and EC; TDS and Mg; TDS and SO; TDS and HCO; EC and HCO; EC and SO; Na and Cl; SO and Cl. In addition, Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) model was employed to spatially distribute the concentration of the analyzed elements within the study region. The chronic daily dose (CDD) and hazard quotient (HQ) were also used to evaluate the health risk associated with F, considering dermal and ingestion as pathways. The results revealed that the associated HQ for infants between the age range of 6-12months within about 91% of the study region surpassed the accepted HQ limit. However, the HQ for age categories 11-16years; >65years; 18-21years; 21years; 16-18years within 95.2%, 90.5%, 80.95% and 100% of the study location were less than 1. Conclusively, the HQ values obtained in this study should serve as a baseline information for water management authorities, policymakers and the society at large towards addressing these pollution issues.
本研究调查了尼日利亚奥贡州（阿贝奥库塔南部）自来水中的离子和氟化物浓度及其对当地居民的健康风险。从二十一个不同地点采集了 63 个样本。结果显示，氟化物（F）的平均浓度为 1.23mg/L。其他水质参数，如总溶解固体（TDS）、电导率（EC）、F、Fe 和 SO 的浓度均超过世界卫生组织饮用水指导值。F 与 TDS、F 与 pH、TDS 与 EC、TDS 与 Mg、TDS 与 SO、TDS 与 HCO、EC 与 HCO、EC 与 SO、Na 与 Cl、SO 与 Cl 之间存在显著正相关关系。此外，还采用经验贝叶斯克里金（EBK）模型对研究区域内分析元素的浓度进行空间分布。还考虑了皮肤接触和摄入两种途径，利用慢性日剂量（CDD）和危害商（HQ）评估 F 相关的健康风险。结果表明，研究区域内约 91%的 6-12 个月龄婴儿的 HQ 与 F 相关，超过了可接受的 HQ 限值。然而，年龄在 11-16 岁、>65 岁、18-21 岁、21 岁和 16-18 岁的人群的 HQ 值在研究区域内的 95.2%、90.5%、80.95%和 100%内均小于 1。综上所述，本研究获得的 HQ 值可作为水务管理部门、政策制定者和整个社会解决这些污染问题的基线信息。
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