Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Nashville , Tennessee 37204 , United States.
Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-6600 , United States.
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2018 Oct 17;9(10):2438-2447. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00186. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
Psilocybin is found in a family of mushrooms commonly known as "magic mushrooms" that have been used throughout history to induce hallucinations. In the late 1950s Albert Hofmann, of Sandoz Laboratories, identified and synthesized the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin which are found in psilocybe mushrooms. Psilocybin was marketed by Sandoz as Indocybin for basic psychopharmacological and therapeutic clinical research. Psilocybin saw a rapid rise in popularity during the 1960s and was classed as a Schedule I drug in 1970. This led to a significant decrease in psilocybin research. Recently, however, preliminary studies with psilocybin have shown promise as potential for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol addiction, tobacco addiction, and major depressive disorder, and the treatment of depression in terminally ill cancer patients. This review describes in detail the synthesis, metabolism, pharmacology, adverse drug reactions, and importance of psilocybin to neuroscience in the past and present.
裸盖菇素存在于被称为“迷幻蘑菇”的蘑菇家族中，这些蘑菇在历史上一直被用于引起幻觉。20 世纪 50 年代末，山道士实验室的阿尔伯特·霍夫曼（Albert Hofmann）鉴定并合成了存在于裸盖菇中的致幻化合物裸盖菇素和二甲氧基色胺。裸盖菇素被山道士作为 Indocybin 推向市场，用于基础精神药理学和治疗临床研究。裸盖菇素在 20 世纪 60 年代迅速流行起来，并于 1970 年被归类为附表 I 药物。这导致裸盖菇素的研究显著减少。然而，最近，裸盖菇素的初步研究显示出作为治疗强迫症、酒精成瘾、烟草成瘾和重度抑郁症以及治疗晚期癌症患者抑郁的潜在用途。本文详细描述了裸盖菇素在过去和现在的合成、代谢、药理学、药物不良反应以及对神经科学的重要性。
