Hänninen H
Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Neurobehav Toxicol. 1979;1 Suppl 1:157-61.
Five studies dealing with long term occupational exposure to carbon disulfide, a mixture of organic solvents, toluene, styrene and lead are reviewed. All of the studies were cross-sectional, comprising either a comparison between exposed and nonexposed groups or the determination of exposure-response relationships, or both. The tests for the cognitive functions were known clinical intelligence and memory tests. The perceptual and psychomotor tasks were the Santa Ana test, the Bourdon-Wiersma test for visual-motor speed and accuracy, the Symmetry Drawing test and the Mira test. In four of the five studies the neurotoxic effect involved both cognitive and psychomotor functions. In the carbon disulfide group, psychomotor retardation was the most pronounced effect: in the group exposed to solvent mixtures the main effects were seen in the cognitive functions. The effects of styrene were limited to perceptual and psychomotor disturbances. As the most sensitive methods have varied from study to study, the continued use of broad and diverse psychological methodology in studies dealing with long term neurotoxic effects is proposed.
本文综述了五项关于长期职业接触二硫化碳、有机溶剂混合物、甲苯、苯乙烯和铅的研究。所有研究均为横断面研究，包括暴露组与非暴露组之间的比较，或暴露-反应关系的测定，或两者皆有。认知功能测试采用已知的临床智力和记忆测试。感知和心理运动任务包括圣安娜测试、视觉运动速度和准确性的布尔登-维尔斯马测试、对称绘图测试和米拉测试。五项研究中的四项显示神经毒性作用涉及认知和心理运动功能。在二硫化碳组中，心理运动迟缓是最明显的影响；在接触溶剂混合物的组中，主要影响见于认知功能。苯乙烯的影响仅限于感知和心理运动障碍。由于不同研究中最敏感的方法各不相同，因此建议在处理长期神经毒性作用的研究中持续使用广泛多样的心理学方法。
