Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Sl. 061, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Sl. 061, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Nov;242(Pt A):19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.061. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
In the last decades, research regarding the dynamics of pesticides has grown, even in remote regions. Due to long-range atmospheric transport, environmental persistence and toxicological potential of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), similar characteristics of current-use pesticides (CUPs) and their massive use in Brazil, these contaminants have become a major concern for environmental and human life. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate subgroups or individual chemicals of OCPs and CUPs, which could have travelled over two Conservation Unit sites in the Rio de Janeiro state. The study was carried out for 24 months, (2013-2015), in Itatiaia National Park (INP) and in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (SONP), at ∼2400 and ∼2200 meters above sea level, respectively. The study was based on atmospheric passive sampling (polyurethane foam disks). Target pesticides were detected by means of gas chromatography device coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significantly higher concentrations were measured in SONP when compared to INP. However, in broad terms, the contamination profile was quite similar for both national parks: The highest concentrations of endosulfan (INP - 1275 pg m and SONP - 3202 pg m) were followed by cypermethrin (INP - 148 pg m and SONP - 881 pg m) and chlorpyrifos (INP - 67 pg m and SONP - 270 pg m). In agreement with previous studies, the atmospheric concentrations of legacy OCPs showed background air levels. The decrease of endosulfan over the years was highlighted with a parallel increase of chlorpyrifos, suggesting a collateral effect of the national bias of permissive and massive use of agrochemicals. CUPs seemed to behave like pseudo-persistent pollutants (pseudo-POPs). This is the first report of atmospheric concentrations of pyrethroids in Brazilian mountain regions, and possibly the first to investigate them in the air in South America or in any mountain region in the world.
在过去几十年中，即使在偏远地区，有关农药动态的研究也在不断增加。由于有机氯农药（OCPs）具有长距离大气传输、环境持久性和毒理学潜力，以及当前使用的农药（CUPs）具有类似的特征及其在巴西的大量使用，这些污染物对环境和人类生活构成了重大威胁。因此，本研究旨在评估 OCPs 和 CUPs 的亚组或单个化学物质，这些物质可能已经在里约热内卢州的两个保护单位地区传播。该研究于 2013 年至 2015 年在伊塔蒂亚伊国家公园（INP）和若昂佩索阿多斯奥里热内斯国家公园（SONP）进行了 24 个月，分别位于海拔约 2400 米和 2200 米处。该研究基于大气被动采样（聚氨酯泡沫圆盘）。目标农药通过气相色谱装置与质谱联用（GC-MS）进行检测。SONP 的测量浓度明显高于 INP。然而，从广义上讲，两个国家公园的污染状况非常相似：硫丹的浓度最高（INP-1275pgm，SONP-3202pgm），其次是氯菊酯（INP-148pgm，SONP-881pgm）和毒死蜱（INP-67pgm，SONP-270pgm）。与先前的研究一致，遗留 OCPs 的大气浓度显示出背景空气水平。随着时间的推移，硫丹的浓度下降，同时毒死蜱的浓度上升，这表明国家对农用化学品的放任和大量使用产生了连带影响。CUPs 似乎表现为类持久性污染物（pseudo-POPs）。这是巴西山区大气中拟除虫菊酯浓度的首次报道，也可能是首次在南美的空气中或世界上任何山区的空气中对其进行调查。
