State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Sep;102(18):7997-8009. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9104-4. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Morels are some of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms, and the outdoor cultivation has been achieved in China in recent years. Sclerotial formation is one of the most important phases during the morel life cycle, and the number of sclerotia indicates the spawn quality during cultivation. However, the sclerotial formation and differentiation mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the sclerotial formation process of Morchella importuna and the effects of reactive oxygen species on scerotial formation were studied. Scerotial formation was defined as five distinctive phases, hypha early, hyphal growth, sclerotial initiation, development, and maturation. The mycelia in the sclerotium-forming area were swollen, darkened, and dense with sclerotial formation, but hydrogen peroxide accumulated in the region lacking sclerotial formation. The expression of all six genes for superoxide dismutases tested increased with sclerotial maturation. A difference in hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mM could promote the sclerotial initiation and induce expression of sod genes. The MAPK signaling pathway was activated, and they passed the signal from an area of high oxidative stress to a low area to initiate sclerotial formation. An understanding of the sclerotial formation mechanisms in M. importuna may help to understand the life cycle and facilitate the fruiting body cultivation.
羊肚菌是最受推崇的食用和药用蘑菇之一，近年来中国已经实现了其野外栽培。菌核形成是羊肚菌生命周期中最重要的阶段之一，菌核数量表明栽培过程中的种源质量。然而，菌核形成和分化的机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨了羊肚菌 Morchella importuna 的菌核形成过程以及活性氧对菌核形成的影响。菌核形成被定义为五个不同的阶段：菌丝早期、菌丝生长、菌核起始、发育和成熟。菌核形成区域的菌丝膨胀、变黑且密集，但在缺乏菌核形成的区域积累了过氧化氢。所测试的六种超氧化物歧化酶基因的表达均随着菌核成熟而增加。过氧化氢浓度差 20mM 可促进菌核起始并诱导 sod 基因表达。MAPK 信号通路被激活，它们将信号从高氧化应激区域传递到低区域以启动菌核形成。对 M. importuna 菌核形成机制的理解可能有助于了解其生命周期并促进子实体的栽培。
