Dept. Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Smithonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, 20560-0163 Washington D.C., USA; Grupo de Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular, Universidad del Magdalena, Cl. 32 #22-08, Santa Marta, Colombia.
Dept. Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2018 Oct;127:898-906. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.037. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
With more than 5,000 species, Conoidea is one of the most diversified superfamilies of Gastropoda. Recently, the family-level classification of these venomous predator snails has undergone substantial changes, on the basis of a phylogenetic tree reconstructed combining partial mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, and up to 16 families are now recognized. However, phylogenetic relationships among these families remain largely unresolved. Here, we sequenced 20 complete or nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes, which were combined with mt genomes available in GenBank to construct a dataset that included representatives of 80% of the known families, although for some we had only one species or genus as representative. Most of the sequenced conoidean mt genomes shared a constant genome organization, and observed rearrangements were limited exclusively to tRNA genes in a few lineages. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using probabilistic methods. Two main monophyletic groups, termed "Clade A" and "Clade B", were recovered with strong support within a monophyletic Conoidea. Clade A (including families Clavatulidae, Horaiclavidae, Turridae s.s., Terebridae, Drilliidae, Pseudomelatomidae, and Cochlespiridae) was composed of four main lineages, one of which was additionally supported by a rearrangement in the gene order. Clade B (including families Conidae, Borsoniidae, Clathurellidae, Mangeliidae, Raphitomidae, and Mitromorphidae) was composed of five main lineages. The reconstructed phylogeny rejected the monophyly of Clavatulidae, Horaiclavidae, Turridae, Pseudomelatomidae, and Conidae, indicating that several of the currently accepted families may be ill-defined. The reconstructed tree also revealed new phylogenetic positions for genera characterized as tentative (Gemmuloborsonia, Lucerapex, and Leucosyrinx), enigmatic (Marshallena) or challenging to place (Fusiturris), which will potentially impact the classification of the Conoidea.
拥有超过 5000 种物种，芋螺超科是腹足纲动物中最多样化的超级家族之一。最近，在基于结合部分线粒体和核基因序列重建的系统发育树的基础上，这些有毒捕食性蜗牛的科级分类发生了重大变化，现在有 16 个科被认可。然而，这些科之间的系统发育关系在很大程度上仍未得到解决。在这里，我们对 20 个完整或几乎完整的线粒体（mt）基因组进行了测序，并将这些基因组与 GenBank 中可用的 mt 基因组相结合，构建了一个数据集，其中包括已知科的 80%的代表，尽管对于一些科，我们只有一个物种或属作为代表。大多数测序的芋螺超科 mt 基因组具有一致的基因组结构，观察到的重排仅限于少数谱系中的 tRNA 基因。使用概率方法重建了系统发育树。两个主要的单系群，称为“Clade A”和“Clade B”，在一个单系的芋螺超科中得到了强烈支持。Clade A（包括 Clavatulidae、Horaiclavidae、Turridae s.s.、Terebridae、Drilliidae、Pseudomelatomidae 和 Cochlespiridae 科）由四个主要支系组成，其中一个支系还得到了基因顺序重排的支持。Clade B（包括 Conidae、Borsoniidae、Clathurellidae、Mangeliidae、Raphitomidae 和 Mitromorphidae 科）由五个主要支系组成。重建的系统发育树否定了 Clavatulidae、Horaiclavidae、Turridae、Pseudomelatomidae 和 Conidae 的单系性，表明目前认可的几个科可能定义不明确。重建的树还揭示了一些被认为是暂定的（Gemmuloborsonia、Lucerapex 和 Leucosyrinx）、神秘的（Marshallena）或难以定位的（Fusiturris）属的新的系统发育位置，这可能会影响芋螺超科的分类。
