Nie Wen-Han, Qi Zhi-Ping, Feng Hai-Wei, Sun Yu-Jing, Zhi Yue-E, Zhang Jin-Zhong, Zhang Dan
Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Feb 8;38(2):783-791. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201607140.
The utilization of straw resources is of great significance to agricultural environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. Based on the isolated 15 high-efficient cellulose degrading bacteria in the laboratory, the composite inoculants (JFB-1) which can effectively degrade crop straw were screened, and the effects of straw composts with the composite inoculants on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that the composite inoculants could accelerate straw decomposition for 1-2 d during single fermentation period, and the organic matter contents in straw composts reached 403.5-515.1 g·kg, while the ratio of carbon and nitrogen decreased from 10.53 to 15.30. The pot experiments found that the application effects of rice straw composts were generally better than those of corresponding asparagus straw composts. Compared with the control compost of rice straw, when the application amount of rice straw compost using the composite inoculants was 150 g·kg, the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased by 33.5% and 7.3%, and soil urease and cellulase activities increased by 16.7% and 30.8%, respectively. Compared with no fertilization treatment, the application of straw composts could improve soil microbial community structure, and increase microbial diversity indices. When the application amount of rice straw compost using the composite inoculants was 100 g·kg, the biomass of common Chinese cabbage cultivated for 30 d increased by 46.4% compared to the control compost of rice straw. These results indicated that the composite inoculants have great application potential in straw composts.
秸秆资源的利用对农业环境保护和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。基于实验室分离出的15株高效纤维素降解菌，筛选出能有效降解作物秸秆的复合菌剂（JFB - 1），并研究了添加复合菌剂的秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量及酶活性的影响。结果表明，复合菌剂在单发酵期可使秸秆分解加速1 - 2天，秸秆堆肥中有机质含量达403.5 - 515.1 g·kg，碳氮比从10.53降至15.30。盆栽试验发现，稻草堆肥的施用效果总体优于相应的芦笋秸秆堆肥。与稻草对照堆肥相比，当复合菌剂稻草堆肥施用量为150 g·kg时，土壤有机质和全氮含量分别增加33.5%和7.3%，土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别增加16.7%和30.8%。与不施肥处理相比，施用秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构，增加微生物多样性指数。当复合菌剂稻草堆肥施用量为100 g·kg时，种植30天的普通白菜生物量比稻草对照堆肥增加46.4%。这些结果表明复合菌剂在秸秆堆肥中具有很大的应用潜力。
