Wang Shi-Hao, Zhang Kai, Chai Fa-He, Zhong Xue-Cai, Zhou Guang-Zhu, Yang Qing, Ke Xin-Shu
College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Aug 8;38(8):3130-3138. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201609174.
To study the concentration characteristics as well as sources of elements and heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust fall in Zhuzhou City, 144 samples from 12 sites in the Zhuzhou urban area were collected from January to December in 2012 and 28 kinds of elements in the samples were analyzed. The results showed that the dust fall quantities of the industrial areas and mixed commercial and residential (MCR) areas were, respectively, 89.46 g·m and 33.20 g·m and the range of all sample points was 23.14-114.67 g·m. There were 10 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb) in the industrial areas as well as 8 elements in the MCR areas, for which the contents greatly exceeded 1000 mg·m in the atmospheric dust fall. The Zn and Pb contents exceeded 10000 mg·kg in the dust fall of the industrial areas, which were far higher than those in the Earth's crust. The main sources of dust fall in Zhuzhou City were metal smelting, shallow ground dust, vehicle emissions, construction dust, and industrial production with specific elements (Mo, Ba). Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and analysis of transportation characteristics showed that 13 elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb) in dust fall mainly came from waste gas emissions of industrial areas in Zhuzhou, in which 7 heavy metal elements (Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb) caused serious pollution. The contents of heavy metals in the industrial areas were 7.4 to 4079.4 times the contents defined in China soil elements background values, whereas those in the MCR areas were 3.6 to 1413.4 times the soil background values. Cd was the highest background ratio element. The degree of contamination was clearly higher in the industrial areas than in the MCR areas.
为研究株洲市大气降尘中元素及重金属污染的浓度特征与来源，于2012年1月至12月在株洲市区12个点位采集了144个样品，并对样品中的28种元素进行了分析。结果表明，工业区和商住混合区（MCR）的降尘量分别为89.46 g·m和33.20 g·m，所有采样点的降尘量范围为23.14 - 114.67 g·m。工业区大气降尘中有10种元素（Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb），MCR区有8种元素，其含量在大气降尘中大大超过1000 mg·m。工业区降尘中Zn和Pb含量超过10000 mg·kg，远高于地壳中的含量。株洲市降尘的主要来源为金属冶炼、浅层地面扬尘、汽车尾气排放、建筑扬尘以及特定元素（Mo、Ba）的工业生产。相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）以及传输特征分析表明，降尘中的13种元素（Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Tl、Pb）主要来自株洲市工业区的废气排放，其中7种重金属元素（Cu、Zn、As、Ag、Cd、Sb、Pb）造成了严重污染。工业区重金属含量是中国土壤元素背景值规定含量的7.4至4079.4倍，而MCR区则为土壤背景值的3.6至1413.4倍。Cd是背景比值最高的元素。工业区的污染程度明显高于MCR区。
