Yu Cong-Cong, Zhao Wei-Tuo, Gao Xiao-Feng, Cheng Sheng-Gao, Xie Di, Ma Peng-Tu
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Center of Environmental Engineering and Assessment, No.203 Research Institute of Nuclear Industry, Xianyang 712000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Jan 8;39(1):89-98. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201706022.
In order to investigate the distribution characteristics and the human health risks of 12 metals in drinking water sources from the Luhun Reservoir, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in 46 water samples collected from the reservoir in 2016 were measured and analyzed. The health risks caused by metals were assessed by using a human health risk assessment model. The results showed that the maximum concentration of Al (200.27 μg·L) and all concentrations of Mo (151.42-170.69 μg·L) in drinking water from the Luhun Reservoir exceeded the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) and Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006) by 4.35% and 100%, respectively. A distinct spatial heterogeneity was found in the metal distribution, and the region with the highest metals concentrations was located southwest (upstream) and northeast (downstream) of the reservoir. The results of a health risk assessment indicated that children had greater health risks than adults. The health risks for metals through drinking were all higher than the values caused by dermal contact. Carcinogenic risks caused by Cr and As exceeded the maximum allowance levels (5×10 a) by 100% and 3.80%, respectively, and Cr accounted for 85% of the total carcinogenic risks. The non-carcinogenic risks of the metals (10-10 a) decreased in the order of Al > Mo > Cu > Pb > Ni > Hg > Fe > Zn > Mn, which had levels two to seven orders of magnitude lower than the maximum allowance levels.
为研究陆浑水库饮用水源中12种金属元素的分布特征及其对人体健康的风险，对2016年采集自该水库的46个水样中的铝（Al）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、汞（Hg）、锰（Mn）、钼（Mo）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）浓度进行了测定与分析。采用人体健康风险评估模型对金属元素所致健康风险进行评估。结果表明，陆浑水库饮用水中铝的最大浓度（200.27μg·L）以及钼的所有浓度（151.42 - 170.69μg·L）分别超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838 - 2002）和《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749 - 2006）4.35%和100%。金属元素分布存在明显的空间异质性，金属浓度最高的区域位于水库西南部（上游）和东北部（下游）。健康风险评估结果表明，儿童面临的健康风险高于成人。通过饮水途径摄入金属元素所致的健康风险均高于经皮肤接触途径。铬和砷所致致癌风险分别超出最大可接受水平（5×10⁻⁵a⁻¹）100%和3.80%，且铬所致致癌风险占总致癌风险的85%。金属元素的非致癌风险（10⁻⁶ - 10⁻³a⁻¹）大小顺序为Al＞Mo＞Cu＞Pb＞Ni＞Hg＞Fe＞Zn＞Mn，其水平比最大可接受水平低2至7个数量级。
